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Epigenetics refers to changes in the expression of heritable genes or cellular phenotypes caused by regulating DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA expression, without altering the DNA sequence. It plays a critical role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, and tumor. In particular, many epigenetic modifiers have been found to affect innate cell development, infection, and inflammatory responses by regulating gene-specific expression. Epigenetic abnormalities often result in changes in gene expression and its function, which in turn promote the process of inflammation and even tumorigenesi...
With the transformation of the human disease spectrum, chronic non-infectious diseases have become the main killer of human health in modern society. The interaction between genes and the environment will cause the body’s immune function to be disordered, thereby affecting the body's homeostasis and causing various chronic non-infectious diseases. It has been revealed that the occurrence and development of most chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, and neuroimmune disorders, are associated with the dysregulation of the immune system.
Precision medicine is an emerging practice by which clinicians aim to deliver a personalized treatment program to affected patients based on information gained from their individual clinical and biological profiles. In the context of precise cancer immunotherapy, multi-omics, high-throughput sequencing, big data, and other approaches serve to screen new predictive factors for immunotherapy response and prognosis in cancer patients.
MW, YL and ZC were employed by Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd. XZ, FL, LC and ZC were employed by Shenzhen Wedge Microbiology Research Co.Ltd.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L, have demonstrated significant clinical effects on the neutralization of immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the years, tremendous advances have been made in cancer immunotherapy, yet we are far from discovering the cure for the disease.