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SPECIFICITY It is a basic assumption that, for reasons unknown, the constituents of the human body may become antigenic, and then the patient produces antibodies against them. Some autoantibodies are tissue specific (e.g. haemolytic anaemia, pernicious anaemia) whereas others are non-tissue specific (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus). To prove 'autoimmunity' in the strict sense is not an easy task. In any event, the outcome of antigenic stimulation-whether antibody formation or tolerance-seems to depend on the same factors for autoantigens as it does for any other antigen [146]. Rabbits rendered tolerant to bovine serum albumin respond to immunization with human serum albumin, and in doing ...
Until recently, understanding of the lymphomas was limited and largely descriptive. Attention has been focused, for the most part, upon morphological issues and clinical matters. Although useful, this approach has many shortcomings. The true cytoidentity of primary neoplastic cells was not established by these methods, nor could their clonal nature be recognized. The more overt changes in immunological function, such as monoclonal gammopathies and immunodeficiencies, were appre ciated as important components of these diseases. However, subtle immunological perturbations were not recognized. Furthermore, associations were not established between the lymphoreticular neoplasms on the one hand a...
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