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Mohs Surgery and Histopathology
Mohs surgery is a highly effective treatment for certain cutaneous and oral pharyngeal cancers. The procedure allows for the precise and complete removal of cancers while preserving significant amounts of normal tissue. Through the presentation and orientation of the specimens' complete surgical margin on pathology slides, the location of tumor foci and other relevant findings can be correlated with their locations on the surgical wound. The ability to create perfect slides for histological examination lies at the core of effective Mohs surgery. These procedures have a 99 per cent cure rate for certain cancers when implemented correctly. This book describes the methods the dermatologist, pathologist, or technician can use to optimize the Mohs technique and produce the highest-quality slides and highest cure rates possible.
Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Volume 2
Advantages and limitations of biomarkers in gliomagenesis are described. Molecular subtypes of gliomas are detailed. The role played by TP53 gene mutation in the deadliest brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, is pointed out. The role of mutations of IDH1 and IDH2, and isocitrate dehydrogenases in malignant gliomas are presented. Metabolic differences in different regions of the glioma tumor are clarified. Various types of imaging modalities, including PET and SPECT, to diagnose gliomas in general and glioblastoma in particular in patients are explained in detail. Both low-grade and high-grade gliomas are discussed. Conventional as well as fluorescent-guided resection techniques for high-grade, recurrent malignant gliomas are detailed. Impact of resection extent on outcomes in patients with high-grade gliomas is clarified. The advantage of the use of intraoperative low-field MRI in glioma surgery is explained.
Secrets of Creativity
Secrets of Creativity combines insights from an interdisciplinary group of experts to reveal the secrets of creativity that emerge from our everyday lives, and from the minds of exceptional individuals and their discoveries. Neuroscientists describe the functioning of the brain in creative acts of scientific discovery or artistic production. Humanists describe the workings of the creative mind in the composition of literary works and in works of art and music. Creativity is explored with respect to forms of intelligence, modes of experience, emotions, memory, and the interplay between the brain's nonconscious and conscious system activities.
Single Neuron Studies of the Human Brain
Foundational studies of the activities of spiking neurons in the awake and behaving human brain and the insights they yield into cognitive and clinical phenomena. In the last decade, the synergistic interaction of neurosurgeons, engineers, and neuroscientists, combined with new technologies, has enabled scientists to study the awake, behaving human brain directly. These developments allow cognitive processes to be characterized at unprecedented resolution: single neuron activity. Direct observation of the human brain has already led to major insights into such aspects of brain function as perception, language, sleep, learning, memory, action, imagery, volition, and consciousness. In this vol...
The Neuropsychology of Sleep and Dreaming
This volume describes how the conceptual and technical sophistication of contemporary cognitive and neuroscientific fields has enhanced the neurocognitive understanding of dreaming sleep. Because it is the only naturally-occurring state in which the active brain produces elaborate cognitive processes in the absence of sensory input, the study of dreaming offers a unique cognitive and neurophysiological view of the production of higher cognitive processes. The theory and research included is driven by the search for the most direct relationships linking the neurophysiological characteristics of sleepers to their concurrent cognitive experiences. The search is organized around three sets of theoretical models and the three classes of neurocognitive relationships upon which they are based. The contributions to this volume demonstrate that the field has begun to move in new directions opened up by the rapid advances in contemporary cognitive science, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology.
The Political Brain
We have politics on our mind—or, rather, we have politics in different parts of our brains. In this path-breaking study, Matt Qvortrup takes the reader on a whistle stop tour through the fascinating, and sometimes frightening, world of neuropolitics; the discipline that combines neuroscience and politics, and is even being used to win elections. Putting the 'science' back into political science, The Political Brain shows how fMRI-scans can identify differences between Liberals and Conservatives, can predict our behaviour with sometimes greater accuracy than surveys, and can explain the biology of uprisings, revolutions, and wars. Not merely a study of empirical evidence, the book shows how the philosophical theories of, among others, Plato, Aristotle, and Spinoza can be supported by brain scans. Along the way, it also provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge of the organ that shapes our politics. The book shows that if we rely on evolutionary primitive parts of the midbrain—those engaged when we succumb to polarised politics—we stand in danger of squandering the gains we made through the last eight million years.
Surrounding Free Will
This cutting-edge volume showcases work supported by a four-year, 4.4 million dollar project on free will and science. In fourteen new articles and an introduction, contributors explore the subject of free will from the perspectives of neuroscience; social, cognitive, and developmental psychology; and philosophy (both traditional and experimental).
