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Understanding the Materno-Fetal Interface During Microbial Infections
Pregnancy is a physiologically and immunologically challenging health state. Immunological and physiological changes throughout the course of pregnancy make pregnant women usually susceptible to infection with microbial agents. Infections with pathogens during pregnancy can have devastating consequences to both the fetus and his/her mother. These infections are linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Infections with parasites, viruses, or bacteria can be associated with maternal anemia, abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm delivery, fetal morbidity and high risk of mortality during the first years of life. Despite these significant consequences and complications associated with...
Immunity to Malaria and Vaccine Strategies
Malaria, caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a highly prevalent and lethal infectious disease, responsible for 435,000 deaths in 2017. Optimism that malaria was gradually being controlled and eliminated has been tempered by recent evidence that malaria control measures are beginning to stall and that Plasmodium parasites are developing resistance to front-line anti-malarial drugs. An important milestone has been the recent development of a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix) for use in humans, the very first against a parasitic infection. Unfortunately, this vaccine has modest and short-lived efficacy, with vaccinated individuals possibly being at incre...
Vaccination of Special Populations: Protecting the Vulnerable
Vaccines prevent 3 million of deaths every year and are a crucial to combat antimicrobial resistance. An optimal implementation of existing vaccines could help to avert up to 1.5 million deaths as well as substantial disabilities. Indeed, vulnerable populations (VPs), including pregnant women, newborns, preterm infants, elderly and patients affected by chronic diseases are frequently undervaccinated and/or at risk of reduced vaccine efficacy, presenting a major health and economic burden to society. Vaccine development programs mainly focus on healthy populations; therefore, vaccination strategies are often based on data arising from healthy subjects.
Current Challenges in Vaccinology
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
List of Officers of the Department of State, Including the List of Ministers, Consuls, and Other Diplomatic and Commercial Agents of the United States in Foreign Countries
List for March 7, 1844, is the list for September 10, 1842, amended in manuscript.
