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Cancer Immunotherapy
For some time immunotherapy has been heralded as a breakthrough approach for cancer treatment. Although the potential of this strategy remains solid, the approach needs considerable refinement. Whilst some programmes are looking to increase the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the stimulation of antitumor immunity, others are trying to find the most appropriate clinical setting that will reveal the role of the immune system in combating cancer. Among the most important discoveries have been tumor-specific antigens. This thematic volume highlights some key issues and discusses where they may move forward. It has been put together by two leading cancer immunotherapists from two eminent institutions that focus on cancer research.
Development and Recognition of the Transformed Cell
The study of the phenotypic and genetic features that characterize the malignant cell is a rapidly growing and changing field. Clearly new insights into the processes involved in normal and abnormal cell growth will facilitate our understanding of events relevant to cancer and cellular differentiation. Early studies on genetic fea tures associated with cancer focused on chromosomal abnormalities that were observable in several human malignancies. The more recent examination of onco genes and the proteins they encode has helped pinpoint many steps in different processes that might be involved in cancer. Immunologic studies of cancer have also developed from an imprecise series of investigations to a more detailed molecular examination of cell-surface struc tures that can be recognized immunologically. In the course of the development of modern tumor immunology, it has become clear that many of the antigens that can be recognized appear to be the products of genes involved in cell growth. Fur thermore, changes in the cell surface of malignant cells have often been found to include alteration of nonprotein constituents.
