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Cardiometabolic diseases and inflammatory responses
Cardiometabolic diseases are driven by both metabolic disorders (obesity, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, and atherosclerosis) and chronic inflammation (e.g. in diabetes, hypertension and autoimmune diseases), leading to coronary artery disease and heart failure. The perivascular or pericardiac adipose tissue expansion affecting both the systemic and tissue compartment is favored in cardiometabolic disease development. This adipose tissue is a major component of the cardiovascular system that is dysregulated during the consumption of fat-enriched diets. Additionally, fat-enriched diets profoundly impact the response of immune cells in specialized tissues, as well as the activation and differentiation of tissue-resident progenitors. This results in both dysfunction and remodeling that is not limited to tissues, but also to cell activity. The fate of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders promotes the imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory environments.
Physical Activity, Health Equity and Health-Related Outcomes, Volume II
This Research Topic is Volume 2 in the Physical Activity, Health Equity and Health-Related Outcomes series. There is sufficient scientific evidence on the benefits of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, sedentarism remains one of the biggest health problems worldwide, leading to premature mortality in most if not all populations. It has been shown that physical activity behavior is socially patterned with lower participation rates among women, certain racial and ethnic groups, people with poorer access to education, health care and health insurance, as well as people with physical, mental, and cognitive disabilities and older adults.
Exploring Causal Risk Factors for Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
Metabolic and endocrine disorders are the main burden of noncommunicable chronic diseases, and they serve as important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases or multiple cancers. To date, a large number of correlates have been identified, but few of them were modifiable and causal. In general, causal relationships can be conceptualized not only in a probabilistic sense involving statistical terms and procedures, but also in the complexity of biological phenomena. The limited understanding of many underlying mechanisms hinders a deterministic conceptualization of disease causation. The identification of modifiable risk factors that have a causal effect on the incidence of these diseases and their complications is critical to the primary or secondary prevention of metabolic and endocrine diseases.
