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Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders: Convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence
Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and etc., represent a serious medical and socioeconomic problems. These diseases are often accompanied by impairments of cognitive function, e.g., abstract thinking, decision-making, attention, and several types of memory. Such deficits significantly disrupt quality of life and daily functioning of patients. Cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with alterations of brain morphology and function, and are often resistant to therapeutic interventions. In schizophrenia and related disorders, cognitive deficits are also defined as endophenotypes, i.e. measurable phenotypes linking these disaeses with d...
The Hippocampus
The hippocampus is an important brain region, a true central hub for memory of various kinds and other processes. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia are characterized by hippocampal alterations. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a site exhibiting adult neurogenesis. This book covers the topic of the hippocampus from various perspectives. It discusses adult neurogenesis, effect of enriched environments on hippocampal plasticity, and long-term potentiation-associated gene expression. The book also addresses multiscale representations of complex environments and strategies in the hippocampus-dependent spatial tasks. Finally, insight into the hippocampus as a link between negative affect and relapse to psychostimulants is provided. The book collects evidence of various hippocampal functions in healthy and disordered brain.
Extinction Learning from a Mechanistic and Systems Perspective
Throughout their lifetime, animals learn to associate stimuli with their consequences. Following memory acquisition and consolidation, circumstances may arise that necessitate that initially learned behaviour is no longer relevant. The ensuing process is called extinction learning and involves a novel and complex learning procedure that involves a large number of neural entities. While the neural fundaments of the initial acquisition are well studied, our understanding of the behavioural and neural basis of extinction is still limited and derives mostly from rodent data acquired through fear conditioning paradigms. Fear conditioning and extinction in rodents is a spectacularly successful par...
Schizophrenia in the 21st Century
Schizophrenia is a poorly understood but very disabling group of brain disorders. While hallucinations and delusions (positive symptoms of schizophrenia) feature prominently in diagnostic criteria, impairments of memory and attentional processing (cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia) are attracting increasing interest in modern neuropsychiatry. Schizophrenia in the 21st Century brings together recent findings on this group of devastating disorders. We are still a long way from having effective treatment options, particularly for cognitive symptoms, and lack effective interventions and ways to prevent this disease. This volume covers various current options for therapy, clinical research into cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and preclinical research in animal models.
Cognitive Enhancement in Psychiatric Disorders
Disturbances of various domains of cognitive function have been shown to provide a major determinant of outcome for patients with psychiatric conditions. Cognitive impairment is present in an array of diseases, including schizophrenia (with its prodromal stage), mood disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic disorder, and eating disorder. In an effort to develop effective therapeutics for cognitive impairment, bridging of preclinical and clinical evidence has been attempted. This edited Book will provide a forum for researchers and clinicians interested in the phenomenology, underlying mechanisms, and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric illnesses. Twenty-eight contributions from 8 countries in Europe, Middle East, Asia, North America, and South America represent studies dealing with genetic, molecular, imaging, physiological, psychological, and behavioral issues. Information in this Book will facilitate the development of therapeutics of greater clinical value.
Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
Among the more dynamic topics in science are Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory. In this eBook the reader will find fresh reviews and research papers illustrating diverse approaches, which will be seminal in the future.
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ALLTAGSGIFTE – DIE VERSTECKTE GEFAHR Zerstören Zimtsterne unsere Leber? Weicht Sonnencreme unser Gehirn auf? Bekommt man von Muskatnuss Halluzinationen? Giftstoffe sind allgegenwärtig und haben mitunter gravierende Folgen für unsere Gesundheit. Das Fatale dabei ist: Sie sind unsichtbar. Dennoch sind wir permanent von ihnen umgeben. Wir nehmen sie mit der Nahrung in unseren Körper auf, atmen sie ein oder kommen mit ihnen in Berührung, ohne es zu merken. Der Toxikologe Dr. Carsten Schleh klärt uns in diesem ebenso praktischen wie unterhaltsam-informativen Ratgeber über die Gefährdungen durch reale Gifte in den Dingen auf, die uns tagtäglich umgeben. Er räumt mit weit verbreiteten Mythen auf und verrät, wo überall Toxine enthalten sind, welche Folgen das für unsere Gesundheit hat und wie wir diese Gefahren vermeiden können.
