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The remarkable progress in computer vision over the last few years is, by and large, attributed to deep learning, fueled by the availability of huge sets of labeled data, and paired with the explosive growth of the GPU paradigm. While subscribing to this view, this work criticizes the supposed scientific progress in the field, and proposes the investigation of vision within the framework of information-based laws of nature. This work poses fundamental questions about vision that remain far from understood, leading the reader on a journey populated by novel challenges resonating with the foundations of machine learning. The central thesis proposed is that for a deeper understanding of visual ...
This book is focused on a clinical-based diagnostic approach of autonomic dysfunctions, highlighting main diagnostic tools and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies available nowadays. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a subcomponent of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and dysfunction of one or more subdivisions of the ANS, when accompanying other diseases, is linked to a worse prognosis of the latter. In some circumstances or when severe, dysfunction of ANS itself results in symptoms and disability. A myriad of factors can cause autonomic dysfunction and more than one can concur even in the same patient; due to the expansive nature of the ANS, patients can be affected by a wide range of conditions. Each chapter is characterized by a similar structure and is devoted to a different dysfunction. For each pathology, the book offers the essential information on mechanisms of action, treatments and outcomes. Written by experts in the research of these disorders, the volume addresses primarily Neurologists, but will be a useful tool also for Gastroenterologists, Ophthalmologists, Urologists, Cardiologists and Internal medicine specialists.
Eye movements provide rich source of information about brain functioning for neurologists and neuroscientists. They provide diagnostic clues, define, and localize motor and cognitive disorders. Objective eye movement assessments associated with clinical observation and genetic testing in neurodegenerative, neurometabolic, and neurogenetic diseases provide insight into their pathophysiology and disease mechanism. Finally the eye movements may be used for testing and following the response to therapies. The concrete value of studying eye movement stems from a number of advantages compared to the study of movements of axial or limb muscles. The eye movements are accessible to clinical inspectio...
In the last two decades there has been a flourishing research carried out jointly by economists, psychologists and neuroscientists. This meltdown of competences has lead towards original approaches to investigate the mental and cognitive mechanisms involved in the way the economic agent collects, processes and uses information to make choices. This research field involves a new kind of scientist, trained in different disciplines, familiar in managing experimental data, and with the mathematical foundations of decision making. The ultimate goal of this research is to open the black-box to understandthe behavioural and neural processes through which humans set preferences and translate these behaviours into optimal choices. This volume intends to bring forward new results and fresh insights into this matter.
Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting ont...
This Research Topic aims to collect all the Case Reports submitted to the Movement Disorders section. All the Case Reports submitted to this collection will be personally assessed by a senior Associate Editor before the beginning of the peer-review process. Please make sure your article adheres to the following guidelines before submitting it.Case Reports highlight unique cases of patients that present with an unexpected diagnosis, treatment outcome, or clinical course.
This book adopts a novel approach: procedures: instead of discussing the diagnostic categories of neurological syndromes, it focuses on the symptoms of common neurological presentations (especially in the emergency room or on the ward), and the diagnostic hypotheses that can be validated or rejected case by case as a result. Each chapter covers one of the main symptoms of emergencies in neurology – from transient consciousness disturbances to focal deficits, acute muscular disorders, respiratory insufficiency in neurological disorders, headaches, delirium, seizures and epileptic status, para-and tetraplegia, and head trauma, to acute functional disorders – and includes tables and figures...