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Current Advances in Exercise Immunology
Maintaining optimal immune function is at the cornerstone of disease prevention and management. The realization that lifestyle factors such as exercise, nutrition, sleep and stress can be targeted to optimize immune function for the prevention and treatment of illness and disease has intensified among physicians and health care providers. Exercise immunology as a discipline came to the fore in the early 1990’s through formation of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology (ISEI). Since then, several major advances have been made including the understanding that: (i) physical activity is associated with fewer incidences and symptoms of infection; (ii) every bout of exercise facilitates the ongoing exchange of immune cells between the blood and tissues to increase immune surveillance; (iii) regular exercise lowers chronic low-grade inflammation and improves vaccine responses in the elderly; (iv) contracting skeletal muscle acts as an immune regulatory organ; (v) physical activity can improve immune markers in aging and multiple disease states (e.g. cancer, HIV, diabetes); (vi) exercise expedites infection resolution and restricts host-pathogen entry and dissemination.
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Immunomodulatory Roles of Tryptophan Metabolites in Inflammation and Cancer
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Integrated Care and Fall Prevention in Active and Healthy Aging
In today’s world, healthy aging and a fulfilling lifestyle are important to older members of society, with many opting to remain as independent and mobile as possible for as long as possible. However, elderly individuals tend to have a variety of functional limitations that can increase the likelihood of debilitating falls and injuries. Assessments of functionality are very often only performed following an accident, which implies a hindsight bias because results do not necessarily reflect pre-accidental performance capacities. Furthermore, these belated measures do little to reduce the likelihood of new falls. As such, it is imperative that personalized preventative approaches are taken t...
Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity
The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural c...
Conversa Brasileira
Conversa Brasileira, http://coerll.utexas.edu/brazilpod/cob/, is a web-based Portuguese program developed at the University of Texas, which is designed to provide intermediate- and advanced-level students of Portuguese with an opportunity to analyze and study how Brazilians actually talk to one another in informal conversations. The online materials are comprised of 35 short video clips that are accompanied with optional Portuguese subtitles, English translations, pop-up commentary and analysis, PDF lesson notes, and user discussion blogs. The content of the videos provides learners with a slice-of-live view of Brazilian conversations in natural settings. This textbook provides learners with a hard copy of the lesson transcripts, translations, and lesson notes. Conversa Brasileira is just one of the many Portuguese Language projects that make up the complete collection of BrazilPod, http://coerll.utexas.edu/brazilpod/index.php.
Sedentary Behaviour in Human Health and Disease
Sedentary behaviour – too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity – is now recognised as an independent risk factor for several health outcomes and premature mortality. This is problematic as technological advancements in transportation, communications, workplaces, and domestic entertainment has created environments that encourage engagement in sedentary behaviour. Evidence from observational epidemiology shows that prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk of disease and adverse risk marker levels including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, obesity, glucose tolerance, and lipids. Importantly, the associations between prolonged sitting a...
The Aging Immune System and Health
The world population presents an increased percentage of individuals over 65 years old and the fastest growing subgroup is over 85 years old. The increase in life expectancy observed in the last century has not been synonymous with extra years lived in good health (disability-free years). Population studies have shown that as individuals age, they can present a great heterogeneity of ability and health. Therefore, aging has been associated for some individuals with disabilities and hospitalizations. Deaths related to infectious pathogens are increased in the aging population mainly due to pneumonia and influenza whereas Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, among other viruses seem to contrib...
