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People in motion, forests in transition: Trends in migration, urbanization, and remittances and their effects on tropical forests
Migration is not new. In recent decades however, human mobility has increased in numbers and scope and has helped fuel a global shift in the human population from predominantly rural to urban. Migration overall is a livelihood, investment and resilience strategy. It is affected by changes across multiple sectors and at varying scales and is affected by macro policies, transnational networks, regional conditions, local demands, political and social relations, household options and individual desires. Such enhanced mobility, changes in populations and communities in both sending and receiving areas, and the remittances that mobility generates, are key elements of current transitions that have ...
Being equitable is not always fair: An assessment of PFES implementation in Dien Bien, Vietnam
Vietnam is the first Southeast Asian country to implement a national program for payments for forest environmental services (PFES), providing lessons on how such systems can be designed to achieve forest outcomes that are effective, efficient and equitable. This Working Paper presents results from an in-depth study on the implementation of PFES in Dien Bien province, Vietnam, which assessed how equity was locally conceptualized in the PFES benefit-sharing process and the factors that influenced local perceptions of equity. We found that local perceptions of equity varied across PFES communities because of differences in social contextual factors such as ethnicity and in the geography of the ...
The distribution of powers and responsibilities affecting forests, land use, and REDD+ across levels and sectors in Vietnam: A legal study
What are the roles and responsibilities of different levels of government over forests and land use in Vietnam? Over the last two decades how have government priorities shifted? How has decentralisation been realised through changing land laws and forest protection and development programs? Which powers and responsibilities are centralized, and which are decentralized? What role do local people play? This report reviews the statutory distribution of powers and responsibilities across levels and sectors. It outlines the legal mandates held by national and lower level governments with regard to land and forest allocation, afforestation programs, rubber plantations, Payments for Forest Environm...
Ecosystem services may provide large economic values in Kenya and Vietnam: A value transfer application based on results from a systematic literature review
This study focuses on the valuation of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam, two countries that have received much attention from the international development community for their biodiversity significance, opportunities for scaling, climate and poverty challenges, and political will. Using The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework and the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), this study estimates per hectare values of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam based on a systematic literature review of studies on the values of ecosystem services in both countries. Provisioning services, such as medicines, timber, and non-timber forest products were better studied than re...
The Origins of Cocaine
In the 1960s, the governments of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia launched agricultural settlement programs in each country’s vast Amazonian frontier lowlands. Two decades later, these exact same zones had transformed into the centers of the illicit cocaine boom of the Americas. Drawing on concepts from both history and anthropology, The Origins of Cocaine explores how three countries with divergent different mid-century political trajectories ended up with parallel outcomes in illicit frontier economies and cocalero cultures. Bringing together transnational, national, and local analyses, the volume provides an in-depth examination of the deep origins of drug economics in the Americas. As the first substantial study on the shift from agrarian colonization to narcotization, The Origins of Cocaine will appeal to scholars and postgraduate students of Latin American history, anthropology, globalization, development and environmental studies.
Local perspectives on drivers of deforestation and degradation and effectiveness of financial incentive mechanisms in Bach Ma National Park
Vietnam is ranked as the 16th most biodiversity rich country in the world. Many biodiversity conservation programs were designed in the early 1990s to address increasing threats, such as illegal logging and wildlife trade, to existing protected areas and
The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, Volume 1
Alena Ledeneva invites you on a voyage of discovery, to explore society's open secrets, unwritten rules and know-how practices. Broadly defined as 'ways of getting things done', these invisible yet powerful informal practices tend to escape articulation in official discourse. They include emotion-driven exchanges of gifts or favours and tributes for services, interest-driven know-how (from informal welfare to informal employment and entrepreneurship), identity-driven practices of solidarity, and power-driven forms of co-optation and control. The paradox, or not, of the invisibility of these informal practices is their ubiquity. Expertly practised by insiders but often hidden from outsiders, ...
Gender and Forests
This enlightening book brings together the work of gender and forestry specialists from various backgrounds and fields of research and action to analyse global gender conditions as related to forests. Using a variety of methods and approaches, they build on a spectrum of theoretical perspectives to bring depth and breadth to the relevant issues and address timely and under-studied themes. Focusing particularly on tropical forests, the book presents both local case studies and global comparative studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, as well as the US and Europe. The studies range from personal histories of elderly American women’s attitudes toward conservation, to a combined qualitative / quantitative international comparative study on REDD+, to a longitudinal examination of oil palm and gender roles over time in Kalimantan. Issues are examined across scales, from the household to the nation state and the global arena; and reach back to the past to inform present and future considerations. The collection will be of relevance to academics, researchers, policy makers and advocates with different levels of familiarity with gender issues in the field of forestry.
Pertimbangan terkait gender dalam pengembangan indikator REDD+
Pesan utama Di samping berbagai manfaat yang ditawarkan oleh pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan, pengembangan konservasi, pengelolaan hutan yang berkelanjutan dan penambahan cadangan karbon hutan (REDD+). melalui pemberian insentif atas observasi hutan dan/atau perubahan perilaku, terdapat pula risiko pengecualian perempuan, yang memperparah ketidaksetaraan gender dan membatasi akses perempuan pada proses pengambilan keputusan dan distribusi manfaat.Upaya pengarusutamaan gender dalam REDD+ di Indonesia tengah dilakukan, meski masih terpisah-pisah, terfragmentasi dan terkonsentrasi pada tingkat nasional. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) didukung Kementeria...
