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Elements of Human Performance
This book presents a review of research on reaction processes and attention as it has evolved over the last 40 years in the context of the information processing tradition in cognitive psychology. It is argued and demonstrated that issues of reaction processes and attention are closely interconnected. Their common conceptualization can be seen in terms of limited processing capacity on the one hand, and stage analysis on the other. This volume concludes that, at present, a stage analysis metaphor offers better prospects as a conceptual starting point; the limited capacity metaphor was strongly tied to the digital computers of the 60s. The emphasis of the book is on behavioral research, but s...
Elements of Human Performance
The book focuses on 2 aspects of human performance theory, reaction processes and attention. These apsects are often ignored by treatments of cognitive psychology but are central to understanding an individual's performance.
Inside Psychology
Psychology is a young science. It has made great strides over the past 100 or so years, to become one of the most rapidly growing of the sciences. This text brings together some of the most influential psychologists from the past 50 years to consider just how we got to where we are in psychology, and where we might be heading.
Understanding the Brain Towards a New Learning Science
This book examines how new scientific developments in understanding how the brain works can help educators and educational policy makers develop new and more efficient methods for teaching and developing educational policies.
A Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology
Work Psychology, the second volume of the Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, concentrates on issues related to the direct relationship between the worker and the organization and on his or her task or function. This could be termed the classical tradition of work psychology, including human factors, psychology and ergonomics. This volume provides a comprehensive update on new issues and studies in this core area. Subjects like safety, occupational stress, workload and absenteeism due to sickness are tackled. Chapters discuss particular types of workers on whom psychologists have focused attention more recently: the older worker, the unemployed, and the foreign worker. Moving away somewhat from the 'micro-world' of the individual worker, models of human economic behaviour and the development of social indicator systems are also explored.
Attention and Performance Viii
First published in 1980. This is a volume of the proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Attention and Performance held in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, from August 20th to 25th 1978.
Energetics and Human Information Processing
The central theme of this book is the role of energetical factors in the regulation of human information processing activity. This is a restatement of one of the classic problems of psychology - that of acc ounting for motivational or intensive aspects of behaviour, as opposed to structural or directional aspects. The term "energetics" was first used in the 1930's by Freeman, Duffy and others, following Cannon's energy mobilization view of emotion and motivation. The original concept had a limited life, probably because of its unnecessary focus on relativ ely peripheral processes, but it provided the foundations for the con cepts of "arousal" and "activation" which became the popular motivat...
Cognitive Modeling
A comprehensive introduction to the computational modeling of human cognition.
The Psychology of Attention
In the past two decades, attention has been one of the most investigated areas of research in perception and cognition. However, the literature on the field contains a bewildering array of findings, and empirical progress has not been matched by consensus on major theoretical issues. The Psychology of Attention presents a systematic review of the main lines of research on attention; the topics range from perception of threshold stimuli to memory storage and decision making. The book develops empirical generalizations about the major issues and suggests possible underlying theoretical principles. Pashler argues that widely assumed notions of processing resources and automaticity are of limited value in understanding human information processing. He proposes a central bottleneck for decision making and memory retrieval, and describes evidence that distinguishes this limitation from perceptual limitations and limited-capacity short-term memory.
Limits in Perception
This book presents an analysis of limits in perception from the vantage point of the physicist, the engineer, the psychophysicist, the psychologist and the theorist. Limits in perception find their causal explanation at many logically and/or physically different levels. Some of the most fundamental bottlenecks are due to the quantum mechanical and atomistic structure of the microworld. Other simple constraints are due to the material constitution of sensory organs. For instance, the fact that the eye is predominantly composed of water limits both the optical quality and the available spectral window. The engineer uses knowledge on such limits to design equipment that optimizes human performa...
