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The fundamental question of how cells grow and divide has perplexed biologists since the development of the cell theory in the mid-19th century, when it was recognized by Virchow and others that “all cells come from cells.” In recent years, considerable effort has been applied to the identification of the basic molecules and mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle in a number of different organisms. Such studies have led to the elucidation of the central paradigms that underpin eukaryotic cell cycle control, for which Lee Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 2001 in recognition of their seminal contributions to this field. The importance of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that modulate cell division has been reiterated by relatively recent discoveries of links between cell cycle control and DNA repair, growth, cellular metabolism, development, and cell death. This new phase of integrated cell cycle research provides further challenges and opportunities to the biological and medical worlds in applying these basic concepts to understanding the etiology of cancer and other proliferative diseases.
Research leaders in the PDE field describe new concepts and techniques for investigating the role of PDEs in orchestrating normal and pathophysiological responses. Presented in step-by-step detail, these readily reproducible methods allow the measurement of cyclic nucleotide variations in living cells, as well as their visualization in a spatio-temporal manner, the localization and characterization of their activities in tissues and living cells, and the assessment of targeted PDEs in creating specific tools and drugs.
This volume provides the most up-to-date and holistic but compact account of the peopling of the world from the perspective of language, genes and material culture, presenting a view from the Himalayas. The phylogeny of language families, the chronology of branching of linguistic family trees and the historical and modern geographical distribution of language communities inform us about the spread of languages and linguistic phyla. The global distribution and the chronology of spread of Y chromosomal haplogroups appears closely correlated with the spread of language families. New findings on ancient DNA have greatly enhanced our understanding of the prehistory and provenance of our biological ancestors. The archaeological study of past material cultures provides yet a third independent window onto the complex prehistory of our species.
This resource provides thorough coverage of pharmacogenetics and its impact on pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, and clinical practice. It opens with the basics of pharmacogenetics, including drug disposition and pharmacodynamics. The following section moves into specific disease areas, including cardiovascular, psychiatry, cancer, asthma/COPD, adverse drug reactions, transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, and pain medication. Clinical practice and ethical issues make up the third section, with the fourth devoted to technologies like genotyping, genomics, and proteomics. In the fifth part, chapters discuss the impact of key regulatory issues on the pharmaceutical industry.
In this second edition of a widely used classic laboratory manual, leading experts utilize the tremendous progress and technological advances that have occurred to create a completely new collection of not only the major basic techniques, but also advanced protocols for yeast research and for using yeast as a host to study genes from other organisms. The authors provide detailed methods for the isolation of subcellular components-including organelles and macromolecules, for the basic cellular and molecular analysis specific for yeast cells, and for the creation of conditional mutant phenotypes that lend themselves to powerful genome manipulation. Additional protocols offer advanced approaches to study genetic interactions, DNA and chromatin metabolism, gene expression, as well as the foreign genes and gene products in yeast cells.
Leading experts in nanobiotechnology comprehensively review the most recent advances in instrumentation and methodology, as well as their applications in genomics and proteomics. The authors provide a wide variety of techniques and methods for dealing with protein functions and structures at the nanoscale level, including nanostructured systems, nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes and nanowires, optical nanosensors, and nanoelectrodes. Among the highlights are techniques for the in vivo tracking of biochemical processes using fluorescent molecular probes and nanosensors, and the exploration of biochemical processes and submicroscopic structures of living cells at unprecedented resolutions using near-field optics. Also discussed is the development of nanocarrier methodology for the targeted delivery of drugs whose shells are conjugated with antibodies for targeting specific antigens.
Forensic Science, Second Edition presents the applications of separation methods, manly chromatography, in forensic practice. The first part, devoted to forensic toxicology, contains reviews on forensic relevant groups of compounds, like: Opiate agonists, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressive and antipsychotic drugs, analgesics, antidiabetics, muscle relaxants, and mushroom toxins.In these parts, the preliminary immunochemical tests were also included, together with separation methods. Screening procedures used in forensic toxicology were presented in separate chapters on forensic screening with GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, CE, and LC-ICP-MS. ...
Chemical genomics is an exciting new field that aims to transform biolo- cal chemistry into a high-throughput industrialized process, much in the same way that molecular biology has been transformed by genomics. The inter- tion of small organic molecules with biological systems (mostly proteins) underpins drug discovery in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, and therefore a volume of laboratory protocols that covers the key aspects of chemical genomics would be of use to biologists and chemists in these orga- zations. Academic scientists have been exploring the functions of proteins using small molecules as probes for many years and therefore would also b- efit from sharing idea...
Enslaved Black people took up arms and fought in nearly every colonial conflict in early British North America. They sometimes served as loyal soldiers to protect and promote their owners’ interests in the hope that they might be freed or be rewarded for their service. But for many Black combatants, war and armed conflict offered an opportunity to attack the chattel slave system itself and promote Black emancipation and freedom. In six cases, starting in 1676 with Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia and ending in 1865 with the First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment near Charleston, Rebels in Arms tells the long story of how enslaved soldiers and Maroons learned how to use m...
Dramatic improvements in medicine over the last few years have resulted in more reliable and accessible diagnostics and treatment of rectal cancer. Given the complex physiopathology of this tumor, the approach should not be limited to a single specialty but should involve a number of specialties (surgery, gastroenterology, radiology, biology, oncology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, physiotherapy) in an integrated fashion. The subtitle of this book "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Management" encompasses this concept. We have endeavored, with the help of an international group of contributors, to provide an up-to-date and authoritative account of the management of rectal tumor.