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The Archaeology of Animals
Ever since the discovery of fossil remains of extinct animals associated with flint implements, bones and other animal remains have been providing invaluable information to the archaeologist. In the last 20 years many archaeologists and zoologists have taken to studying such "archaeofaunal" remains, and the science of "zoo-archaeology" has come into being. What was the nature of the environment in which our ancestors lived? In which season were sites occupied? When did our earliest ancestors start to hunt big game, and how efficient were they as hunters? Were early humans responsible for the extinction of so many species of large mammals 10-20,000 years ago? When, where and why were certain animals first domesticated? When did milking and horse-riding begin? Did the Romans influence our eating habits? What were sanitary conditions like in medieval England? And could the terrible pestilence which afflicted the English in the seventh century AD have been plague? These are some of the questions dealt with in this book. The book also describes the nature and development of bones and teeth, and some of the methods used in zoo-archaeology.
The Archaeology of Animal Bones
The author provides a focused overview of the field, emphasizing how bones are used to study past human-animal interactions.
Behaviour Behind Bones
This book is the first in a series of volumes which form the published proceedings of the 9th meeting of the International Council of Archaeozoology (ICAZ), held in Durham in 2002. The 35 papers present a series of case studies from around the world. They stretch beyond the standard zooarchaeological topics of economy and ecology, and consider how zooarchaeological research can contribute to our understanding of human behaviour and social systems. The volume is divided into two parts. Part 1, Beyond Calories, focuses on the zooarchaeology of ritual and religion. Contributors discuss ways to approach questions of ritual and religion through the faunal record, and consider how material culture depicting and/or associated with animals can provides clues about ideology, religious practices and the role of animals within spiritual systems. Part 2, Equations for Inequality, looks at questions of identity, status and other forms of social differentiation in former human societies. Contributors discuss how differences in food consumption, nutrition, and food procurement strategies can be related to various forms of social differentiation among individuals and groups.
The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites
Non-Aboriginal material.
Zooarchaeology
Zooarchaeology is a detailed reference manual for students and professional archaeologists interested in identifying and analysing animal remains from archaeological sites. Drawing on material from all over the world, and covering a time span from the Pleistocene to the nineteenth century AD, the emphasis is on animals whose remains inform us about many aspects of the relationships between humans and their natural and social environments, especially site formation processes, subsistence strategies, and paleoenvironments. The authors discuss suitable methods and theories for all vertebrate classes and molluscs, and include hypothetical examples to demonstrate these. There are extensive references and illustrations to help in the process of identification.
The Archaeology of Animal Bones
Animal bones are one of the most abundant types of evidence found in archaeological sites dating from pre-historic times to the Middle Ages, and they can reveal a startling amount about the economy and way of life of people in the past. This is a fascinating introduction for anyone seeking to understand how these bones can shed light on our knowledge of the past, as well as the complex relationship between human and animals. Written by one of the most respected experts in this field, and published for the first time in paperback, this book will be essential reading for archaeologists, or indeed anyone intrigued by the recreation of long lost worlds from the most insignificant-seeming fragments of animal bones.
Animals at Ancient Sagalassos
This volume deals with the exploitation of animals at Sagalassos (SW-Turkey) during Roman and early Byzantine times (1st to 7th centuries AD). The archaeological excavations at this site yield large quantities of animal remains that represent mainly consumption refuse of its former inhabitants. The bones, teeth, and molluscs are described, as well as the various traces left by animals and man on these remains. The importance of herding versus hunting and fishing is discussed, as well as the composition of the livestock. An analysis of the mortality profiles, sex distributions, and pathologies allow inferences about the use of the domestic species as a source of meat or of secondary products (wool, dairy products, and animal power). Attention is paid to butchery practices, bone-working techniques, and to the use of animal remains as a means of reconstructing former trade connections. The former environment is reconstructed, using the habitat preferences of the identified species.
Animal Bones and Archaeology
This handbook provides advice on best practice for the recovery, publication and archiving of animal bones and teeth from Holocene archaeological sites (ie from approximately the last 10,000 years). It has been written for local authority archaeology advisors, consultants, museum curators, project managers, excavators and zooarchaeologists, with the aim of ensuring that approaches are suitable and cost-effective.
Animal Bones, Human Societies
In this text, 20 specialists demonstrate how archaeological animal remains can reveal past human behaviour. The papers range across the world from the Arctic to subtropical deserts, and through time from the Austalopithecines to the Earl of Huntingdon. The authors make use of animals weighing from only 100 grams (small rodents) to 100 tons (whales) ... and show just how interesting and important are the questions that can be answered.
