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Bionik
Als Begriff aus Biologie und Technik abgeleitet bezeichnet das Fachgebiet Bionik den Versuch, sich in der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Forschung und beim konstruktiven Schaffen an evolutionär erprobten Strukturen, Funktionen und Strategien der Natur zu orientieren. Der Band Bionik gibt nicht nur einen Überblick über die Forschungsthemen und Probleme des an mehreren Universitäten vertretenen Faches, sondern informiert auch detailliert über die Arbeit zahlreicher Wissenschaftler, die sich in Deutschland mit der Übertragung und Anwendung von Entwicklungen der Natur auf Bereiche wie die Architektur, die Konstruktion von Schiffen, Fahrzeugen, Bauteilen und Maschinen oder auch die Verfahrens- Energie- und Klimatechnik beschäftigen.
Sustainable Metals Management
Metals have been vital to human civilization for many thousands of years. Their durability and recyclability should make them ideal materials for a sustainable economy. This book assembles experts from many fields to discuss the conditions and limits of sustainable metals management. The contributors examine the theoretical ideas and goals of sustainability, and apply them across the metal making and trading process.
Hazardous Chemicals in Products and Processes
Substitution of hazardous substances is a prioritised objective in chemical regulation and risk management. However, it is experienced as a tough task with often inconsistent results. Based on thirteen case studies, this book analyzes substitution as an innovation process and attempts to give answers to the following questions: Why and under which circumstances are companies able and willing to substitute hazardous substances? What are the main drivers and the main barriers? In which way can communication along the supply chain support environmental innovation? How can risk management appropriately deal with the lack of knowledge, with uncertainties and incomplete knowledge about the possible effects of different substances? Recommendations for action are provided for commercial and state institutions and consumers and thus for all actors engaged in the European reform of chemicals policy following the REACH system.
Gene Drives at Tipping Points
This open access book reports on a pilot project aiming at collecting information on the socio-ecological risks that could arise in the event of an uncontrolled spread of genetically engineered organisms into the environment. The researchers will, for instance, be taking a closer look at genetically engineered oilseed rape, genetically engineered olive flies as well as plants and animals with so-called gene drives. The book mainly adresses researchers.
Nanotechnologies, Hazards and Resource Efficiency
Taking as its subject matter one aspect of the hugely important subject of nanotechnology, this book demonstrates that the application of nanotechnology in industry can result in increased eco-efficiency and other environmental gains. It also shows what needs to be done from the point of view of scientists, engineers and science policy makers to guide future development in nanotechnology towards sustainability.
Synthetic Biology
Synthetic Biology is already an object of intensive debate. However, to a great extent the discussion to date has been concerned with fundamental ethical, religious and philosophical questions. By contrast, based on an investigation of the field’s scientific and technological character, this book focuses on new functionalities provided by synthetic biology and explores the associated opportunities and risks. Following an introduction to the subject and a discussion of the most central paradigms and methodologies, the book provides an overview of the structure of this field of science and technology. It informs the reader about the current stage of development, as well as topical problems a...
Industrial Ecology
Die Industrial Ecology, eine noch junge Forschungsdisziplin mit Schwerpunkt in den Natur-, Ingenieur- und Planungswissenschaften, sucht nach gangbaren Lösungswegen und nimmt sich dabei die Natur selbst zum Vorbild. Ökosysteme wirtschaften mit Sonnenenergie und nachwachsenden Rohstoffe, rezyklieren ihre Abfälle, sind robust und eigensicher und schaffen es, mit Komplexität umzugehen. In diesem Buch gehen Experten der Industrial Ecology der Frage nach, wie nachhaltig nach dem Vorbild von Ökosystemen gewirtschaftet werden kann, ohne dabei aus den Augen zu verlieren, wie dies alles mit einer gerechten und ökonomisch stabilen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung vereinbar ist.
Bionik
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Potentials and Trends in Biomimetics
There is a wide consensus about the necessity of sustainable development. There is also a consensus that wide areas of our economy, industry, and technology and the life styles in industrialized countries are not susta- able. Science and technology are widely regarded as (main) causes for this situation. Issues in this context comprise the generally low resource ef- ciency, an increased and mostly undebated technological power, an - creased invasiveness of modern technologies, increasing amounts and - versity of pollutants, and high technological risks. On the other hand science and technology are also regarded as (main) solution providers towards more sustainability. Thus the question is which type of science and technology is rather a part of the problem, and which type is rather a part of the solution? ‘Learning from nature’ may give some orientation in this context. B- mimetics and bionics are widely regarded as being a part of the solution.
