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An Atmospheric Temperature Profile Measured with an In-situ Infrared Radiometer
A side-looking infrared radiometer operating in a narrow spectral interval in the 15 micrometers carbon dioxide band was flown on a balloon platform. Data were obtained over the altitude range from 9.4 to 30 km. The resulting radiance measurements are compared with calculations making use of independent rawinsonde measurements obtained during the balloon flight. These comparisons indicate a systematic discrepancy of a few percent at lower altitudes increasing to 20 percent near 20 km. This discrepancy is found to be consistent with a previous study of satellite based radiances. Possible sources of this discrepancy are investigated and rejected, leading the authors to question the assumption that the source function is equal to the Planck intensity.
Atmospheric Temperature Profiles by Ground-based Infrared Spectrometer Measurements
A method to recover atmospheric temperature profiles using a ground- based Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer was investigated. The method used a difference form of the radiative transfer equation, a Bomem MR series Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer to collect atmospheric radiance values, and the Phillips Laboratory Expert- assisted User Software (PLEXUS) atmospheric radiance model, to recover an atmospheric temperature profile. The method researched uses radiance values from both the spectrometer measurements and the atmospheric model, along with kernel functions calculated by the atmospheric model as input to a difference form of the radiation transfer equation. From this the ch...
Atmospheric Temperature Profiles of the Northern Hemisphere
For more than three decades, the US Standard Atmosphere has been used by researchers and professionals in many areas of aeronautics and atmospheric sciences. It is an idealized, all season average temperature profile of the earth's atmosphere. But today's modern day and sophisticated global applications require more extensive representations of the mean temperature profile. This book is a global augmentation of the climatological tropospheric temperature profiles in the Northern Hemisphere for different latitude belts and seasons. There are 72 mean temperature profile tables from the surface up to 10 kilometers in height that represent the four seasons for different latitudinal belts (5° N,...
Monthly 90°N Atmospheres and High-latitude Warm and Cold Winter Stratosphere/mesosphere
A set of 12 mean monthly reference atmospheres, which describes the seasonal changes in the distribution of the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere, is provided for the North Pole for altitudes up to 55 km. Additional atmospheric models for arctic and subarctic regions are presented to describe the large variations that occur in the vertical distributions of atmospheric temperature, density, and pressure during typical warmings and coolings of the winter stratosphere and mesosphere.
Variability of Air Temperature and Atmospheric Precipitation in the Arctic
It has been known at least since the end of the century that the polar areas play a very important role in the formation of the Earth’s climates. It is also known today that they are the most sensitive regions to climatic change, and are thus perfect case studies for the detection of such changes. The most serious obstacle to the study of climatic and other geographical elements of the polar areas (including the Arctic) has always been the severe climatic conditions which prevail in these regions. Because of these extreme con- tions, research into particular elements of the climatic system (including the atmosphere) began here much later than it did in lower latitudes. For instance, the wh...
