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Understanding the nature of the body model underlying position sense
Accurate information about body structure and posture is fundamental for effective control of our actions. It is often assumed that healthy adults have accurate representations of their body. Although people's abilities to visually recognize their own body size and shape are relatively good, the implicit spatial representation of their body is extremely distorted when measured in proprioceptive localization tasks. The aim of this thesis is to understand the nature of spatial distortions of the body model measured in those localization tasks. We especially investigate the perceptual-cognitive components contributing to distortions of implicit representation of the human hand and compare those distortions with the one found on objects in similar tasks.
Action Recognition in the Visual Periphery
Humans are social beings that interact with others in their surroundings. In a public space, for example on a train platform, one can observe the wide array of social actions humans express in their daily lives. There are for instance people hugging each other, waving to one another or shaking hands. A large part of our social behavior consists of carrying out such social actions and the recognition of those actions facilitates our interactions with other people. Therefore, action recognition has become more and more popular as a research topic over the years. Actions do not only appear at our point of fixation but also in the peripheral visual field. The current Ph.D. thesis aims at underst...
The influence of a self-avatar on space and body perception in immersive virtual reality
Technologische Fortschritte in der Computergrafik, dem dreidimensionalen Scannen und in Motion-Tracking-Technologien haben zu einem erhöhten Einsatz von Selbst-Avataren in immersiven virtuellen Realitäten (VR) beigetragen. Selbst-Avatare werden zum Beispiel in den Bereichen Visualisierung und Simulation, aber auch in klinischen Anwendungen oder für Unterhaltungszwecke eingesetzt. Deshalb ist es wichtig neue Erkenntnisse über die Wahrnehmung des eigenen Körpers, des Selbst-Avatars und der räumlichen Wahrnehmung des Benutzers zu gewinnen, sowie den Einfluss des Selbst-Avatars auf die räumliche Wahrnehmung in der virtuellen Welt zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe von moderner VR-Technologie habe ich untersucht wie Veränderungen des Selbst-Avatars die Wahrnehmung des eigenen Körpers und des Raumes verändern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Selbst-Avatare nicht genau die gleichen Dimensionen wie der Körper des Benutzers haben müssen, damit sich der Benutzer mit seinem Selbst-Avatar identifizieren kann.
Measuring, modelling and minimizing perceived motion incongruence for vehicle motion simulation
Humans always wanted to go faster and higher than their own legs could carry them. This led them to invent numerous types of vehicles to move fast over land, water and air. As training how to handle such vehicles and testing new developments can be dangerous and costly, vehicle motion simulators were invented. Motion-based simulators in particular, combine visual and physical motion cues to provide occupants with a feeling of being in the real vehicle. While visual cues are generally not limited in amplitude, physical cues certainly are, due to the limited simulator motion space. A motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is used to map the vehicle motions onto the simulator motion space. This mapping ...
The Role of Visual Cues in Body Size Estimation
Our body is central to what we define as our self. The mental representation of our physical appearance, often called body image, can have a great influence on our psychological health. Given the increase in body mass index worldwide and the societal pressure to conform to body ideals, it is important to gain a better understanding of the nature of body representations and factors that play a role in body size estimation tasks. This doctoral thesis takes a multifaceted approach for investigating the role of different visual cues in the estimation of own body size and shape by using a variety of experimental methods and novel state-of-the-art computer graphics methods. Two visual cues were considered: visual perspective and identity cues in the visual appearance of a body (shape, and color-information), as well as their interactions with own body size and gender. High ecological validity was achieved by testing body size estimation in natural settings, when looking into a mirror, and by generating biometrically plausible virtual bodies based on 3D body scans and statistical body models, and simulating real-world scenarios in immersive virtual reality.
Space in Language and Cognition
Languages differ in how they describe space, and such differences between languages can be used to explore the relation between language and thought. This 2003 book shows that even in a core cognitive domain like spatial thinking, language influences how people think, memorize and reason about spatial relations and directions. After outlining a typology of spatial coordinate systems in language and cognition, it is shown that not all languages use all types, and that non-linguistic cognition mirrors the systems available in the local language. The book reports on collaborative, interdisciplinary research, involving anthropologists, linguists and psychologists, conducted in many languages and cultures around the world, which establishes this robust correlation. The overall results suggest that thinking in the cognitive sciences underestimates the transformative power of language on thinking. The book will be of interest to linguists, psychologists, anthropologists and philosophers, and especially to students of spatial cognition.
Watsuji Tetsuro's Rinrigaku
Watsuji Tetsuro's Rinrigaku (literally, the principles that allow us to live in friendly community) has been regarded as the definitive study of Japanese ethics for half a century. In Japan, ethics is the study of human being or ningen. As an ethical being, one negates individuality by abandoning one's independence from others. This selflessness is the true meaning of goodness.
Psychological Differentiation; Studies of Development
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Grammars of Space
Spatial language - that is, the way languages structure the spatial domain – is an important area of research, offering insights into one of the most central areas of human cognition. In this collection, a team of leading scholars review the spatial domain across a wide variety of languages. Contrary to existing assumptions, they show that there is great variation in the way space is conceptually structured across languages, thus substantiating the controversial question of how far the foundations of human cognition are innate. Grammars of Space is a supplement to the psychological information provided in its companion volume, Space in Language and Cognition. It represents a new kind of work in linguistics, 'Semantic Typology', which asks what are the semantic parameters used to structure particular semantic fields. Comprehensive and informative, it will be essential reading for those working on comparative linguistics, spatial cognition, and the interface between them.
Measuring Mental Disorders
This book is a collective work draws on the perspective of social sciences, mobilizing perspectives from the sociology of science, the history of psychiatry, medical ethnography and public policy analysis. This initiative, which has no precedent in social sciences, is surrounded by an original, if not apparently paradoxical statement: considering that the deployment of these processes, strictly formal and depersonalized, is justified in becoming the rule in a society known as "individuals". - Presents the measurement of mental disorders (tests / scales) across the various sectors - Determines the underpinning of this measure and its performance - Explains the rise of these tests and its success - Understands its impact on users
