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Societal divisions and even violence can occur when electoral candidates appeal to race, religion, or tribe. Why do candidates make these ethnic appeals? More specifically, why do some candidates appeal to their own ethnic group while others reach out to other ethnic groups or abandon ethnic appeals altogether? To answer this question, Colm A. Fox adopted a ground-breaking, novel approach to study campaign appeals made by thousands of candidates. He collected and systematically analyzed photographs of over 25,000 election posters from campaigns across Indonesia, along with newspaper reports and interview data. The book shows how electoral rules, political party ideology, ethnic demographics, and social norms shape candidates' decisions to bond with co-ethnics, bridge across other ethnic groups, or bypass ethnicity entirely. Its findings yield not only insights as to which ethnic identities are likely to become politicized, but also prescriptions on how to curb divisive ethnic politics.
This book provides a uniquely detailed and systematic comparison of environmental forest policies and enforcement in twenty countries worldwide, covering developed, transition and developing economies. The goal is to enhance global policy learning and promote well-informed and precisely-tuned policy solutions.
This theory and practice book is aimed at first-year students of Phonetics and Phonology. It is designed for use on twelve- or fourteen-week course on English Phonetics and Phonology of sort taught in the first year of many English Language and Linguistics degree. Students on such courses can struggle with English Phonetics and Phonology. This book attempts to show students why we need to know about Phonetics and Phonology, if we are interested in language and our knowledge of it, as well as introducing the main units and concepts we require to describe speech sounds accurately. It is based on a book I wrote which was published in the previous year. The book, which had the title Fluency in English Pronunciation has now been revised and updated. Since I feel that this book still has some use, I have taken many great works from many experts in (English) Phonetics and Phonology, and hope that it will be useful to students in getting to grips with all matters in English Phonetics and Phonology.
I see semantics as one branch of linguistics, which is the study of language: as an area of study parallel to, and interacting with, those syntax and phonology, which deal respectively with the formal patterns of language, and the way in which these are translated into sounds. While syntax and phonology study the structure of expressive possibilities in language, semantics study the meanings that can be expressed. It may convincingly be claimed that viewing semantics as a component discipline of linguistics is the most fruitful and exciting point of departure at the present time. The book of this kind cannot attempt an overall survey of the field of semantics or at least, if it does, it will...
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This volume brings together current research and practice on gibbon conservation, ecology, taxonomy and phylogenetics.