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Covers several aspects of bank holding companies, from permissible activities through operations. This book addresses such significant subjects as the Federal Reserve Board's supervisory framework for complex banking organizations, including guidance concerning capital adequacy; enhanced enforcement authority of federal regulators, and more.
"Which public policies and ownership structures enhance the governance of banks? This paper constructs a new database on the ownership of banks internationally and then assesses the ramifications of ownership, shareholder protection laws, and supervisory/regulatory policies on bank valuations. Except in a few countries with very strong shareholder protection laws, banks are not widely held, but rather families or the State tend to control banks. We find that (i) larger cash flow rights by the controlling owner boosts valuations, (ii) stronger shareholder protection laws increase valuations, and (iii) greater cash flow rights mitigate the adverse effects of weak shareholder protection laws on bank valuations. These results are consistent with the views that expropriation of minority shareholders is important internationally, that laws can restrain this expropriation, and concentrated cash flow rights represent an important mechanism for governing banks. Finally, the evidence does not support the view that empowering official supervisory and regulatory agencies will increase the market valuation of banks"--NBER website
This paper examines the role of bank capital in decision-making by bank holding companies (BHCs) in the United States. Following Chami and Cosimano’s (2001) call option approach to bank capital, BHCs optimally choose the amount of capital to insure the bank against becoming capital constrained in the future. We provide empirical support for this model, and find that a higher optimal level of capital leads to higher loan rates. Furthermore, higher loan rates result in lower amounts of lending. Thus, an increase in capital requirements is likely to lead to higher loan rates and a significant reduction in lending.
Economics: Principles in Action is a multi-dimensional, comprehensive high school economics program designed to help students of all abilities achieve a fundamental understanding of key economic principles and their application in the real world. Twenty key economic concepts - developed by The National Council on Economic Education and outlined in the Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics - are introduced and reinforced throughout the program. At the heart of Economics: Principles in Action is demonstrating the relevance of economics to students' lives. From case studies and videos to interactive CD-ROMs, the program clarifies key economic principles and help students understand the connections between those principles and everyday life.