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How did the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia imagine their gods? Did they think of them as impersonal forces of nature, as powerfully charged stones or animals, as lofty planets moving through the sky, as divine persons of tremendous power, or perhaps as a combination of these, divine entities of shifting forms or differing natures? How, in their opinion, did these divine powers or beings or entities behave? Could human beings interact with all gods, whatever their forms or natures? Since the early days of Assyriological studies, most scholars have argued that ancient Mesopotamians imagined their divinities primarily in anthropomorphic form, as great divine beings with personalities and active...
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The Assyrians have usually been charcterized as the strongmen of the ancient Near East, controlling their empire largely through military force, terror, and intimidatin. The new interpretation of Esarhaddon's reign offered here, hwever, suggests that his success in dealing with conquered Babylonia lay in his masterful use of non-violent tools of government: public works programs, royal public appearnces, and especially the use of documents which presented different images of the king and his policies to different national audiences. Traces of these techniques in the policies of earlier Assyrian kings suggest that the Assyrians had long used such techniques, as well as terror, to control thei...
Zwischen dem 9. und 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. stellten assyrische Konige zahlreiche Bilder, Reliefs und Stelen an offentlichen Platzen, in Tempeln und an Palastmauern aus. Welche Bedeutung und Funktion hatten diese Bildnisse? Allen Beitragen liegt die These zugrunde, dass sie der assyrischen Propaganda dienten, um die politische Haltung und das Verhalten am koniglichen Hof, in Assyrien sowie im riesigen, kulturell vielfaltigen assyrischen Reich zu beeinflussen und zu steuern.
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This book is the precipitate of a conference convened in 1997 to explore concepts of divinity as both one and many in ancient Assyria, Egypt, Greece, and Israel. The five original and provocative essays that resulted engage issues as diverse as the advantages and disadvantages of polytheism; different concepts of deity held by these closely related societies; the possibility that plural nouns may denote singular beings and vice versa; the many definitions of monotheism; and how to decide whether an ancient author in referring to a god as one was characterizing that god as numerically singular, best in quality, or simply first to appear on the cosmic stage.
Formerly known by its subtitle “Internationale Zeitschriftenschau für Bibelwissenschaft und Grenzgebiete”, the International Review of Biblical Studies has served the scholarly community ever since its inception in the early 1950’s. Each annual volume includes approximately 2,000 abstracts and summaries of articles and books that deal with the Bible and related literature, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudepigrapha, Non-canonical gospels, and ancient Near Eastern writings. The abstracts – which may be in English, German, or French - are arranged thematically under headings such as e.g. “Genesis”, “Matthew”, “Greek language”, “text and textual criticism”, “exegetical methods and approaches”, “biblical theology”, “social and religious institutions”, “biblical personalities”, “history of Israel and early Judaism”, and so on. The articles and books that are abstracted and reviewed are collected annually by an international team of collaborators from over 300 of the most important periodicals and book series in the fields covered.