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Improving the Clinical Effectiveness of Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in Infection Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Linking the NGS Specialists and Clinicians, volume II
Timely and accurate pathogen diagnosis is critical for effective treatment, outbreak prevention and precise antibiotics administration of infectious diseases, which remains a challenge in clinical practice. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) allows researchers and laboratory specialists to analyze the mixed collection of sequencing reads in human clinical samples, including sequences from bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites besides the host. This new technology shows great potential in pathogen diagnosis. The sensitivity and faster turnaround time are higher than conventional clinical microbiology tests, especially for fastidious and atypical pathogens. However, current mNGS ba...
Emerging Strategies in Combatting and Managing Bacterial Biofilms
Biofilm formation is a survival strategy for many microorganisms. Within biofilms, microorganisms live in multicellular communities enclosed in a protective matrix that enables them to survive harsh conditions and resist conventional treatments. The ability of biofilm-forming microorganisms to inhabit different biotic and abiotic surfaces facilitates their widespread existence in different environments including health care facilities, water systems, ships, and even living hosts. Hence, this microbial phenotype became a major concern in various sectors including public health, medicine, and industry. The challenge imparted by the detrimental effects of biofilms has sparked the interest of ma...
Prevalence, Transmission and Control of Clinically Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria/Genes within One Health Framework
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health issue, attracting increased attention from governments and researchers. The spread and transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/genes is not only a clinical problem, but also poses unprecedented challenges in the animal husbandry industry and is closely linked to the environment. The clinically important antimicrobial resistant bacteria and their AMR genes, such as carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative Bacilli with blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM genes, colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with mcr genes, methicillin-resistant Staph...
The Role of Probiotics, Postbiotics, and Microbial Metabolites in Preventing and Treating Chronic Diseases
Chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are now among the greatest threats to human health. As public concerns with complex causality and long development period, chronic diseases generally cannot be cured by medication or prevented by vaccines. Finding new strategies to prevent or treat chronic diseases has long been a challenge to science. Recently, a series of breakthrough studies in intestinal biology, especially in the fields of the gut microbiota, has made us pay close attention to the critical role of intestinal function in chronic disease treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota could affect the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of hu...
Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated Multidrug Resistance: A Global Crisis, 2nd Edition
Throughout history, human life has been seriously threatened by bacterial infectious diseases. After the discovery of antibiotics, humanity thought it had won the fight against infectious bacteria. However, considering the rapid evolution of bacterial multidrug resistance and exhausted pipeline of antibiotics for fighting bacterial infectious diseases, we are approaching the ‘post-antibiotic’ era. Unlike eukaryote, bacteria are proficient in exchanging their genetic materials with others by means of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). As a vehicle for antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), plasmid is self-replicable and transferable in a wide range of host bacteria. Moreover, ways of HGT-mediated...
