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Brexit: a Pragmatic Trade Agreement?
Zusammenfassung: The negotiating mandates for the next round of Brexit talks are on the table. The European Union is making talks on a deal regulating EU/UK trade from 1 January 2021 conditional on reaching a fisheries agreement first - originally by July, although the precise timetable may be derailed by the corona crisis. The negotiating mandates diverge in significant respects: The European Union wants to safeguard its Single Market with its strong, shared regulation. That is also reflected in its recently published draft proposal for a trade deal. The United Kingdom seeks liberation from EU trade rules. These differences are substantial, and significant compromises will be needed if the talks are to be brought to a successful conclusion. Intelligent prioritisation and structuring could allow resolution of certain details to be postponed until a later date
European Disintegration: Too Much to Lose
Abstract: For decades the search for deeper integration characterised the European Union. Today the discussion revolves around disintegration. It began with the Greek debt crisis, but only came into its own with summer 2015's major influx of refugees and the reimposition of controls at certain borders. In June the United Kingdom will vote on whether to remain in the EU. In April, Dutch voters expressed their criticism of the EU through their referendum on the Association Agreement with the Ukraine, which may hinder its ratification. These developments are generating uncertainty over the Union's future. Closer examination of the common trade policy and the single market, as one of the central pillars of European integration, reveals that all member-states would have a great deal to lose if the Union were to break apart. (author's abstract)
Negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement Between India and the EU
In summer 2022, the European Union (EU) and India resumed negotiations on a free trade agreement to strengthen their strategic partnership. In addition, both sides are negotiating an investment protection agreement and an agreement on the protection of geographical indications. In this way, the EU wants to diversify its relations with the Indo-Pacific states and underscore India's prominent position. Through cooperation with the EU, India aims to advance its economic and technological modernisation, which is indispensable if the country is to play a greater international role. Unlike the negotiations that failed in 2013, the current negotiations are paradoxically both simpler and more complicated. They are simpler because the EU and India are now more aligned on geopolitical issues than ever, especially with regard to China. But they are also more complicated because the success of the negotiations still depends on difficult concessions on both sides. A repeat failure is not an option, however, for either India or the EU in terms of the future of their strategic partnership.
Fair Play: the Recent Common Agricultural Policy and Its Limited Effect on Development
Abstract: Once again, we have the same old story: The negotiations on a new financial framework for the European Union (EU) will also influence the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Critics of the CAP are increasingly using its development policy (side) effects in the debate: European subsidies would promote poverty and food insecurity in developing countries through cheap European exports and destroy prospects for those populations, especially for young people in rural areas. But is this accusation justified, and what implication does it have for the future CAP? (author's abstract)
More Bones to Pick with the EU? Controversial Poultry Exports to Africa: Sustainable Trade Policy as a Task for the G20
Abstract: In the course of signing Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African regions, an old topic became fashionable again: If the partner countries in Africa partially open up their markets, imported products such as chicken cuts, particularly those artificially cheapened due to European agricultural subsidies, could threaten local production in Africa. Critics say this could trigger food crises, rob these countries of their future prospects and ultimately add to the causes of flight. On closer inspection, however, it seems that weak African domestic production has a number of causes - solving the problem would require a whole bundle of policies. (author's abstract)
Trade Aspects of the EU-Mercosur Association Agreement
In this study we analyse the provisions of the EU-Mercosur trade agreement (EUMETA) in its form presented by the European Commission. Our analysis covers the potential macroeconomic effects of the agreement that are based on the analysis of the extent of trade liberalisation through the lens of a computable general simulation model, as well as more detailed analysis of trade structure, tariff structure, non-tariff protection and the trade-related provisions of the agreement including trade in services and government procurement. Moreover, we analyse the institutional provisions of the EU-Mercosur Association agreement (EUMEAA) in relation to the positioning of the European Parliament and civil society. We place a special focus on the agri-food sector and some selected sensitive subsectors. The quantitative assessments are amended by qualitative analysis, in particular with regard to the trade and sustainable development chapter of the agreement, issues related to food security and an overview of existing approaches on sustainable development in the Mercosur countries.
Positive Integration - EU and WTO Approaches Towards the "Trade and" Debate
This book presents a new framework for the 'trade and environment' debate and discusses the ways in which the EU and the WTO address this topic: positive, negative and non-integration. It analyses areas like food safety and renewable energy from the perspectives of legal and political science, and economics, and includes contributions focusing on various approaches, such as harmonisation, regulatory cooperation and judicialisation. In the 21st century, especially in our current times, where free trade and economic integration are increasingly being called into question, it is even more vital to find convincing normative answers and ways to address the very complex relationship between trade and environmental policies. Debunking some of the myths concerning positive and negative integration and the relationship between the two, this book is a valuable contribution to the debate on globalisation.
Sustainable Supply Chains in the Agricultural Sector
Zusammenfassung: The corona pandemic has placed supply chains back on the agenda. The economic repercussions spotlight the complexity of today's global division of labour. Current German and European initiatives are seeking to tighten the responsibility of final business consumers for human rights and sustainability in their supply chains. The objective is to enforce sustainable production in sovereign third countries. In the case of agriculture these explicitly supply chain-based approaches need to be backed up by improvements in the European Union's trade, investment and agricultural policies. Influencing agricultural supply chains in such a way as to overcome their specific sustainability and human rights problems will require all approaches to be combined. Currently, conventional approaches treat supply chains in isolation, and only address imports flowing into the EU. As such, they consider developing countries exclusively in their traditional role as suppliers of raw agricultural commodities and ignore options for increasing local value added and fostering development
