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Recent years have seen a growing tendency for social scientists to collect biological specimens such as blood, urine, and saliva as part of large-scale household surveys. By combining biological and social data, scientists are opening up new fields of inquiry and are able for the first time to address many new questions and connections. But including biospecimens in social surveys also adds a great deal of complexity and cost to the investigator's task. Along with the usual concerns about informed consent, privacy issues, and the best ways to collect, store, and share data, researchers now face a variety of issues that are much less familiar or that appear in a new light. In particular, coll...
This book contains all the necessary information and advice for anyone wishing to obtain electron micrographs showing the most accurate ultrastructural detail in thin sections of any type of biological specimen. The guidelines for the choice of preparative methods are based on an extensive survey of current laboratory practice. For the first time, in a textbook of this kind, the molecular events occurring during fixation and embedding are analysed in detail. The reasons for choosing particular specimen preparation methods are explained and guidance is given on how to modify established techniques to suit individual requirements. All the practical methods advocated are clearly described, with...
The major theme of this book is analytical approaches to trace metal and speciation analysis in biological specimens. The emphasis is on the reliable determination of a number of toxicologically and environmentally important metals. It is essentially a handbook based on the practical experience of each individual author. The scope ranges from sampling and sample preparation to the application of various modern and well-documented methods, including quality assessment and control and statistical treatment of data. Practical advice on avoiding sample contamination is included.In the first part, the reader is offered an introduction into the basic principles and methods, starting with sampling,...
Despite the development of innovative new analytical techniques for biological trace element research, today's trace element investigators face formidable obstacles to obtaining reliable data. This complete reference identifies and assesses the challenges the analyst encounters at each stage of an analysis, and discusses the effects of various techniques on the sample. Three internationally recognized scientists and authors consider the effects of the numerous collection, storage, and sample preparatory techniques used in sample analysis. Proper analytical quality control, including such critical factors as sampling and sample preparation, specimen preservation and storage, and ashing, is examined. The book also looks at sample preparation methods unique to various instruments and speciation chemistry issues, and examines the link between chemical analysis and specimen banking. A previously unrecognized source of error, presampling factors, is also discussed.
Cryotechniques offer a number of advantages over conventional electron microscopy methods in biology, particularly with regard to preserving the morphology and composition of specimens. This handbook provides a practical guide for researchers, students, and technicians who wish to employ cryotechniques in their work. It covers those methods where the cryofixed specimen is sectioned or otherwise presented as a thin film for examination, giving special attention to topics of current interest. This guide will be of use to workers in a variety of biomedical disciplines, including cell biology, molecular biology, bacteriology, and pathology.
Despite the development of innovative new analytical techniques for biological trace element research, today's trace element investigators face formidable obstacles to obtaining reliable data. This complete reference identifies and assesses the challenges the analyst encounters at each stage of an analysis, and discusses the effects of various techniques on the sample. Three internationally recognized scientists and authors consider the effects of the numerous collection, storage, and sample preparatory techniques used in sample analysis. Proper analytical quality control, including such critical factors as sampling and sample preparation, specimen preservation and storage, and ashing, is examined. The book also looks at sample preparation methods unique to various instruments and speciation chemistry issues, and examines the link between chemical analysis and specimen banking. A previously unrecognized source of error, presampling factors, is also discussed.
The integration of confocal microscopy and volume investigation has led to an unprecedented ability to examine spatial relationships between cellular structure and function. The goal of this book is to familiarize the reader with these new technologies and to demonstrate their applicability to a wide range of biological and clinical problems. - Volume investigation - Three-dimensional reconstruction - Fluroescent probe design - Biological applications of confocal microscopy, including calcium imaging, receptor movement, and diagnostic pathology - Confocal data display and analysis - Twenty-eight pages of color