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This book assesses the quality of democracy in Poland from the collapse of communism in 1989 up to the 2011 parliamentary election. It presents an in-depth, empirically grounded study comparing two decades of democratic politics. Drawing on democratic theory and comparative politics, the book puts forward an evaluation of democracy based on four dimensions: representation, participation, competition and accountability. The book is an important contribution to debates on the performance of the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe, where some scholars argue that there is a ‘democratic crisis’, that, after a period of democratic progress, most of these countries are experiencing de...
Publikacja jest poświęcona nowelizacjom ustawy z 25 czerwca 2015 r. o Trybunale Konstytucyjnym. Dokumentuje prace legislacyjne oraz postępowania przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym dotyczące zmian organizacji oraz zasad działania sądu konstytucyjnego w latach 2015-2016. Przedstawia szczegółową analizę skutków wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 9 marca 2016 r. (K 47/15) uwzględniającą wszystkie dokumenty źródłowe wydane w trakcie uchwalania kolejnych nowelizacji ustawy o Trybunale Konstytucyjnym oraz kolejnych postępowań przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym. (...) praca dotyczy sporu konstytucyjnego o zasadniczym znaczeniu ustrojowym wywołującym ostre kontrowersje tak polityczn...
The strengthening of the position of courts was, to a large extent, the result of the creation and rapid development of constitutional justice. It has made the power that was “in some measure, next to nothing” a real power, and the apolitical placement of courts changed into a political one, or at least one leading to serious political repercussions.… There is no doubt today that courts are a branch of power in the full sense of the word, and some even point out that because of constitutional justice they have become de facto the first power. From the position of a passive power, they have changed their placement, mainly owing to constitutional justice, to that of an active power, whic...
Includes legislation.
Judicial control of public power ensures a guarantee of the rule of law. This book addresses the scope and limits of judicial control at the national level, i.e. the control of public authorities, and at the supranational level, i.e. the control of States. It explores the risk of judicial review leading to judicial activism that can threaten the principle of the separation of powers or the legitimate exercise of state powers. It analyzes how national and supranational legal systems have embodied certain mechanisms, such as the principles of reasonableness, proportionality, deference and margin of appreciation, as well as the horizontal effects of human rights that help to determine how far a...