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The Frozen Saqqaq Sites of Disko Bay, West Greenland - Qeqertasussuk and Qajaa (2400-900 BC)
Qeqertasussuk and Qajaa are the only known sites of the Early Arctic Small Tool tradition in the Eastern Arctic, where all kinds of organic materials - wood, bone, baleen, hair, skin - are preserved in permafrozen culture layers. Together, the sites cover the entire Saqqaq era in Greenland (c. 2400-900 BC). Technological and contextual analyses of the excellently preserved archaeological materials from the frozen layers form the core of this publication. Bjarne Grønnow draws a new picture of a true Arctic pioneer society with a remarkably complex technology. The Saqqaq hunting tool kit, consisting of bows, darts, lances, harpoons, and throwing boards as well as kayak-like sea-going vessels, is described for the first time. A wide variety of hand tools and household utensils as well as lithic and organic refuse and animal bones were found on the intact floor of a midpassage dwelling at Qeqertasussuk. These materials provide entirely new information on the daily life and subsistence of the earliest hunting groups in Greenland. Comparative studies put the Saqqaq Culture into a broad cultural-historical perspective as one of the pioneer societies of the Eastern Arctic.
When Worlds Collide
Interactions between societies are among the most powerful forces in human history. However, because they are difficult to reconstruct from archaeological data, they have often been overlooked and understudied by archaeologists. This is particularly true for hunter-gatherer societies, which are frequently seen as adapting to local conditions rather than developing in the context of large-scale networks. When Worlds Collide presents a new model for discerning interaction networks based on the archaeological record, and then applies the model to long-term change in an Arctic society. Max Friesen has adapted and expanded world-system theory in order to develop a model that explains how hunter-g...
Ancient Harp Seal Hunters of Disko Bay
The Saqqaq Culture site Qeqertasussuk (2400-1400 BC) is situated in the south eastern corner of Disko Bay, West Greenland. The site was excavated between 1983 and 1987 by Qasigiannguit Museum. The stratified cultural deposits are exceptionally well preserved by permafrost and yielded hundreds of thousands of animal bones, feathers, plant remains, insect remains, wooden implements, and a wealth of other organic refuse as well as stone tools, house ruins, stone set fireplaces and other traces of habitation. In order to understand the life conditions of the inhabitants at Qeqertasussuk, a comparative survey of the historic distribution, density and availability of the living resources in the ar...
The Archaeology of Old Nuulliit
The Danish polar explorer Count Eigil Knuth succeeded in finding a Palaeo-Eskimo settlement named "Old Nuulliit" on the well-known Nuulliit site in the Thule area of Greenland. This site was settled by the first immigrants to Greenland: a hitherto unknown culture group, "the Old Nuulliit Culture," which was closely related to Palaeo-Eskimo culture groups in Alaska. Unfortunately, Knuth never published his findings, which became a mystery in Arctic archaeology. New investigations by author Mikkel Srensen shows that the site was settled repeatedly by the first immigrants, between 2500 BC and 1900 BC, and, in addition, that a total of ten family groups of the Pre-Dorset culture had settled there - the first real settlement of the Pre-Dorset culture in Greenland. The discoveries underscore the cultural and historical diversity of the Thule area, which are documented in this book by Sorensen.
Dynamics of Northern Societies
The prehistory and early history of northern societies -- from the Palaeo-eskimo pioneers to the Viking Norse Settlers -- is unfolding through archaeological and historical research and through interdisciplinary studies including natural sciences. The more insight we have gained on Arctic and North Atlantic archae-ology the more we have realised how diverse and dynamic these societies were and how complex their stories are. This volume includes articles on New approaches to dynamic analysis of Palaeo-Eskimo artefacts; Interaction with the environ-ment; Dynamics of small scale societies; Archi-tecture and social organisation of space in Palaeo-Eskimo and Inuit contexts; Origins and spread of the Palaeo-Eskimo and Inuit cultures; Demography, death and burials; Norse culture in Iceland and the Faroe Islands, e.g. outlaws of Viking Age Iceland; Trade and burials in Viking Age Britain.
The Oxford Handbook of the Prehistoric Arctic
Despite its extreme climate, the North American Arctic holds a complex archaeological record of global significance. In this volume, leading researchers provide comprehensive coverage of the region's cultural history, addressing issues as diverse as climate change impacts on human societies, European colonial expansion, and hunter-gatherer adaptations and social organization.
The Northernmost Ruins of the Globe
An important part of the heritage of Count Eigil Knuth (1903-1996) is his archaeological archive contaning contextual information on prehistoric sites gathered during six decades of research in High Arctic Greenland. The finds and observations are a key to the understanding of human life under extreme conditions in a long-term perspective and represent a unique piece of evidence concerning the early cultural history of the Eastern Arctic. Knuth's expeditions from 1932 to 1995 took him to Greenland and Canada, in particular High Arctic Greenland. In a number of important articles Knuth published the findings dating back to the earliest human settlement in Greenland. However, he never managed ...
A Millennium of Cultural Contact
Alistair Paterson has written a comprehensive textbook detailing the millennium of cultural contact between European societies and those of the rest of the world. Beginning with the Norse intersection with indigenous peoples of Greenland, Paterson uses case studies and regional overviews to describe the various patterns by which European groups influenced, overcame, and were resisted by the populations of Africa, the Americas, East Asia, Oceania, and Australia. Based largely on the evidence of archaeology, he is able to detail the unique interactions at many specific points of contact and display the wide variations in exploration, conquest, colonization, avoidance, and resistance at various spots around the globe. Paterson’s broad, student-friendly treatment of the history and archaeology of the last millennium will be useful for courses in historical archaeology, world history, and social change.
The World Multiple
The World Multiple, as a collection, is an ambitious ethnographic experiment in understanding how the world is experienced and generated in multiple ways through people’s everyday practices. Against the dominant assumption that the world is a single universal reality that can only be known by modern expert science, this book argues that worlds are worlded—they are socially and materially crafted in multiple forms in everyday practices involving humans, landscapes, animals, plants, fungi, rocks, and other beings. These practices do not converge to a singular knowledge of the world, but generate a world multiple—a world that is more than one integrated whole, yet less than many fragmente...
