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This book provides an important overview of the life and work of the influential 20th century Russian palaeontologist Boris Sokolov, whose research took place against a backdrop of major political changes.
The Proterozoic and early Phanerozoic was a time punctuated by a series of significant events in Earth history. Glaciations of global scale wracked the planet, interfingered with dramatic changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry and marked changes in continental configuration. It was during these dynamic and 'weedy' times that metazoans first appeared, diversified, culminating in the appearance of hard tissue skeletons and deep 'farming' of the marine substrate, in late Proterozoic and first few millions of years of the Phanerozoic. This book is the culmination of two symposia of UNESCO International Geological Correlation Project 493, one in Prato (Italy) in 2004, the second in Kyoto (Japan) in 2006. Both dealt specifically with the precise timing of physical events and teasing out of the effects which these changing environments, climates, global chemistry and palaeogeography had on the development and diversification of animals, culminating in the spectacular Ediacaran/Vendian faunas of the late Precambrian.
This book explores the preservation of the urban historical environment. More specifically, the topics explored include: improving methods for calculating building structures, strengthening them and assessing their suitability for use; improving construction technology; geotechnics; energy efficiency of enclosed structures and energy systems; the introduction of new structures and materials; and economic evaluation of construction. The book details the developments in geotechnical engineering of pile structures (including piles with multiple extensions) made possible by discharge-pulse technology. Particular attention is also paid to monitoring unique buildings and structures. Researchers of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Chuvash State University, Russia, are currently implementing the findings of the present work at many famous sites in Russia.
The existence of rapid and even catastrophic turnovers within the Phanerozoic ecosystems has been discussed controversially for more than 170 years. Since 1980 this discussion has become even more intensive after the hypothesis of Alvarez, explaining the end-Cretaceous mass extinction as the result of a huge asteroid impact on the Earth. This theory stimulated several thousand papers and is still controversial. The international research programme on "Global Biological Events in Earth History" attempts to bring the discussion back to the facts by using multidisciplinary investigations of the major Phanerozoic events. The results of an international group of experts are presented giving a wealth of information and a thorough discussion of the causes of the various global events.
pt. 1. List of patentees.--pt. 2. Index to subjects of inventions.
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