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The Czecho-Slovak Struggle for Independence, 1914-1920
The calamity of World War I spawned dozens of liberation movements among ethnic and religious groups throughout the world. None was more successful in realizing the goal of self-determination than the Czechs and Slovaks. From its humble beginning the Czecho-Slovak liberation movement grew into an impressive struggle that was waged from the capitals of Western Europe to the frozen steppes of Siberia. Its ranks included exiled propagandists, war prisoners-turned-legionaries and conspirators inside Austria-Hungary. This book shows how these groups overcame their estrangements and coordinated their efforts to win independence for their homeland. It also examines the consequences of the Czecho-Slovaks' achievements, including their entanglement in the Russian Civil War and their impact on the postwar settlements that redrew the political boundaries of Central Europe.
The Cossack Struggle Against Communism, 1917-1945
The downfall of tsarism in 1917 left the peoples of Russia facing an uncertain future. Nowhere were those anxieties felt more than among the Cossacks. The steppe horsemen had famously guarded the empire's frontiers, stampeded demonstrators in its cities, suppressed peasant revolts in the countryside and served as bodyguards to its rulers. Their way of life, intricately bound to the old order, seemed imperiled by the revolution and especially by the Bolshevik seizure of power. Many Cossacks took up arms against the Soviet regime, providing the anticommunist cause with some of its best warriors--as well as its most notorious bandits. This book chronicles their decades-long campaign against the Bolsheviks, from the tumultuous days of the Russian Civil War through the doldrums of foreign exile and finally to their fateful collaboration with the Third Reich.
Czechoslovakia at the World’s Fairs
Established in 1918, as a new state the First Czechoslovak Republic was keen to project a distinct image. Participation in World Fairs offered the perfect opportunity-. In this comprehensive account of Czechoslovak participation in international exhibitions of the interwar period Marta Filipová looks beyond the sleek façade of the modernist pavilions to examine the intersections of architecture, art and design with commercial interests, state agendas, individual action and the public, offering a complex insight into the production and reception of national displays. The rich collection of images – mainly photographs – provides a close look at the Czechoslovak pavilions. The design, con...
Vanquished and Victorious
Recent research has revised earlier views about the role of veterans of World War One in paramilitary formations, radical nationalism and political extremism in inter-war Europe, yet there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of the role they played in the ‘successor states’ of the Habsburg Empire. Vanquished and Victorious provides an innovative comparative investigation of veterans in Austria and Czechoslovakia, two states whose wider political development was of crucial importance to the question of stability in Central Europe after 1918. While differing in terms of how successfully veterans reintegrated into post-war society, this volume shows that both countries incorporated elements of ‘cultures of victory and defeat’.
From Peoples Into Nations
"This book is a history of East Central Europe since the late eighteenth century, the region of Europe between German central Europe and Russia in the East. Connelly argues the region, for which it is frequently hard to define exact boundaries and which is sometimes treated country-by-country in a way seemingly separate from the broader trends of European history, was one of shared experience despite most of the peoples being divided by linguistic, geographic, and political barriers. Beginning in the 1780s, an unwitting Habsburg monarch -- Joseph II -- decreed that his subjects would use only German, as he hoped to mold a common nationality using German over the disparate subjects. Instead, ...
In the Midst of Civilized Europe
A Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year A riveting account of a forgotten holocaust: the slaughter of over one hundred thousand Ukrainian Jews in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In the Midst of Civilized Europe repositions the pogroms as a defining moment of the twentieth century. ‘Exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched’ - The Times ‘A meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account’ - Philippe Sands, author of East West Street Between 1918 and 1921, over a hundred thousand Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townsmen, and soldiers who blamed the Jews for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. In hundreds of separate incidents, ordinary peopl...
Dreams of a Great Small Nation
"The pages of history recall scarcely any parallel episode at once so romantic in character and so extensive in scale." -- Winston S. Churchill In 1917, two empires that had dominated much of Europe and Asia teetered on the edge of the abyss, exhausted by the ruinous cost in blood and treasure of the First World War. As Imperial Russia and Habsburg-ruled Austria-Hungary began to succumb, a small group of Czech and Slovak combat veterans stranded in Siberia saw an opportunity to realize their long-held dream of independence. While their plan was audacious and complex, and involved moving their 50,000-strong army by land and sea across three-quarters of the earth's expanse, their commitment to...
Hate Speech and Human Rights in Eastern Europe
Hate Speech and Human Rights. Democracies need to understand these terms to properly adapt their legal frameworks. Regulation of hate speech exposes underlining and sometimes invisible societal values such as security and public order, equality and non-discrimination, human dignity, and other democratic vital interests. The spread of hatred and hate speech has intensified in many corners of the world over the last decade and its regulation presents a conundrum for many democracies. This book presents a three-prong theory describing three different but complementary models of hate speech regulation which allows stakeholders to better address this phenomenon. It examines international and nati...
»When you catch one kill him slowly«
Haben sich in militärischen Einheiten, in Gesellschaften, Staaten oder Nationen spezifische Kulturen etabliert, die zu exzessiver militärischer Gewalt geführt haben? Die Beiträge dieses Bandes untersuchen, wie sich in den regulären Armeen der europäischen Großmächte – von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs – spezifische militärische Gewaltkulturen entwickelten. Zudem beleuchten sie, welche Rolle diese bei der Ausübung exzessiver Gewalt von Soldaten spielten. Der Fokus des Bandes liegt dabei auf physischer Gewalt, die von Zeitgenossen sowohl in Kriegs- als auch in Friedenszeiten als illegitim angesehen wurde. So können sowohl die Maßstäbe der Legitimität und Illegitimität von Gewalt als auch die Bedingungen ihres Wandels aufgezeigt werden. Das überraschende Ergebnis ist: Trotz der Spezifik militärischer Gewaltkulturen der europäischen Armeen in den verschiedenen Epochen hatten diese weniger Auswirkungen auf exzessive Gewalt als bislang in der Geschichtswissenschaft angenommen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
동유럽사 1
20세기 지구상 가장 많은 사건이 발생한 지역, 동유럽 15개 이상 동유럽 국가의 역사를 간추려 해설한 역작! 우리에게 동유럽은 양차 세계대전이 발발한 지역으로 익히 알려져 있다. 사라예보에서의 총성으로 불을 댕긴 1차 세계대전, 나치 독일의 폴란드 침공으로 포문을 연 2차 세계대전이 모두 이 지역에서부터 비롯되었다. 어디 그뿐인가. 홀로코스트, 프라하의 봄, 베를린 장벽의 붕괴, 보스니아 전쟁, 코소보 전쟁, 최근의 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁까지, 20세기에서 지금까지 발생한 수많은 사건 또한 동유럽 지역이 그 중심지가...
