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Debt Relief and Beyond
The history of debt relief goes back several decades. It reveals that a country s accumulation of unsustainable debt stems from such factors as deficiencies in macroeconomic management, adverse terms-of-trade shocks, and poor governance. Debt-relief initiatives have provided debt-burdened countries with the opportunity for a fresh start, but whether the benefits of debt relief can be preserved depends on transformations in a country s policies and institutions. In 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative was launched as the first comprehensive, multilateral, debt-relief framework for low-income countries. In 2005, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative was established, wh...
Poland
The objectives in examining U.S. and other donor assistance in Poland were to: assess the status and progress of the country's economic restructuring in the key areas of macroeconomic stabilization, foreign trade and investment, privatization, and banking; describe impediments to these restructuring efforts; discuss the role donors have played in the transformation process; and identify lessons learned that could be useful to other transition countries. The lessons learned from Poland merit consideration by Russia, Ukraine and others.
An Introduction to the Microstructure of Emerging Markets
IFC Discusssion Paper No. 24. Investors' interest in emerging markets has grown significantly in recent years because of potential high returns and the benefits of diversification. Despite this increased activity, there remains little information o
Thailand's Corporate Financing and Governance Structures
November 1998 Weaknesses in corporate governance and the fragile financial structure of many corporations contributed to, and deepened Thailand's recent financial crisis. Large corporations need to reduce their vulnerability to economic shocks and improve corporate governance; smaller firms should achieve a more stable funding structure. Alba, Claessens, and Djankov assess Thailand's policy options for reducing large corporations' vulnerability to economic shocks and improving their corporate governance - and for providing smaller firms a more stable funding structure. Using data for firms listed on Thailand's stock exchange, they empirically assess the relative importance of various factors...
Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries:
This paper surveys fiscal policy in developing countries from the point of view of long-run growth. The first section reviews existing methodologies to estimate the effects of fiscal policy shocks and of systematic fiscal policy, with time series or with cross-sectional methods, and their applicability to developing countries. The second section surveys optimal fiscal policy in developing countries, by considering the role of the intertemporal government budget, and sustainability and solvency. It also reviews the fuzzy debate on "fiscal space" and "macroeconomic space" - and the usefulness (or lack thereof) of these terms for policy analysis. The third section asks what theory tells us abou...
Access to Education for the Poor in Europe and Central Asia
This paper focuses on the long-term benefits of education. It also examines the supply of education, the short-term incentives to invest in education for the poor, and draws on the policy implications. This paper also stresses the need to study further the determinants of school enrollment among the poor.
Advances in Clinical Cardiovascular Imaging, Echocardiography & Interventions
SECTION 1: BASICS 1. Basics of Cardiac Computed Tomography 2. Basics of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3. New Cardiac Cameras: Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography SECTION 2: HYPERTENSION 4. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Evaluation by Echocardiography in Hypertension 5. Left Atrial Volume Index Evaluation by Echocardiography in Hypertension 6. Advances in Diastology by Echocardiography in Hypertension 7. Advances in Left Atrial Strain Evaluation by Echocardiography in Hypertension 8. Sequential ABPM Navigation Imaging in Hypertension 9. Echocardiographic Evaluation in Hypertension: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications 10. Beta-blocker...
Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure
Printed on Demand. Limited stock is held for this title. If you would like to order 30 copies or more please contact books@worldbank.org Contact books@worldbank.org, if currently unavailable. This paper is part of a four-volume series of publications on rural transport promoted by the World Bank's Rural Transport Thematic Group under the aegis of its knowledge management activities. The four volumes are Options for Managing and Financing Rural Transport Infrastructure, Improving Rural Mobility, Developing Rural Transport Policies and Strategies, and this paper on Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure.
Structural Reforms in Southeastern Europe Since the Kosovo Conflict
This study examines the progress made by the countries of south-east Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Romania, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) towards implementing structural economic reforms in the three years since the end of the Kosovo conflict, as well as considering the challenges that lie ahead. It discusses four key areas of reform: strengthening public finances and fighting corruption; creating a liberal trade environment; encouraging foreign investment; and fostering the growth of private markets.
