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The history of debt relief goes back several decades. It reveals that a country s accumulation of unsustainable debt stems from such factors as deficiencies in macroeconomic management, adverse terms-of-trade shocks, and poor governance. Debt-relief initiatives have provided debt-burdened countries with the opportunity for a fresh start, but whether the benefits of debt relief can be preserved depends on transformations in a country s policies and institutions. In 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative was launched as the first comprehensive, multilateral, debt-relief framework for low-income countries. In 2005, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative was established, wh...
Professor Daniel Treisman answers some of scholars' most pressing questions that haunt modern day Russia. Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate, and could its collapse have been avoided? Did Yeltsin destroy too much or too little of the Soviet political order? What explains Putin's unprecedented popularity with the Russian public? How did the "oligarchs" reshape the Russian economy? Treisman suggests that these questions can be answered by looking back through the dynamic political and social traditions of the region. Rigorous rather than rhetorical, this book uses historically documented evidence with modern day conditions to paint a complete picture of Russia today. In a time when global politics are more important than ever, it is critical for us to understand the inner workings.
Financial crises are dramatic events. When they emerge, they tend to dominate the attention of the press and become the focus of policymakers. In one form or another, they have affected the lives of millions of people throughout the world. As references to 16th century Dutch tulips, 18th South Seas merchant ventures, or 1920s Florida real estate make clear, they have been around for a long time. At their worst, such as in the cases of the Great Depression or the current Great Recession, their effects have been felt worldwide, with the number of people affected counted into the billions. They have at times changed the course of history. This book analyses ten of the most important financial c...
The objectives in examining U.S. and other donor assistance in Poland were to: assess the status and progress of the country's economic restructuring in the key areas of macroeconomic stabilization, foreign trade and investment, privatization, and banking; describe impediments to these restructuring efforts; discuss the role donors have played in the transformation process; and identify lessons learned that could be useful to other transition countries. The lessons learned from Poland merit consideration by Russia, Ukraine and others.
Drawing inspiration from real-life events and individuals, it is a narrative rich in action, suspense, and political intrigue. At its core are the CIA's Omerta operations—secret missions aimed at rescuing the U.S. from an imminent financial collapse fueled by national debt and government corruption. As the story unfolds, it uncovers webs of espionage, mafia ties, cyber-attacks, and high-stakes political machinations. Themes of morality, insider trading, and stock market manipulation add depth to the narrative, which also explores controversial topics such as the Kovid pandemic, vaccine secrets, and big pharma crimes. With a blend of philosophical inquiry, sophisticated storytelling, and un...
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IFC Discusssion Paper No. 24. Investors' interest in emerging markets has grown significantly in recent years because of potential high returns and the benefits of diversification. Despite this increased activity, there remains little information o
Are you stressed? The workplace has become increasingly competitive, family life has its never-ending complications, and when you step outside, you have to deal with heavy traffic, aggression, and massive pollution. No wonder that you’re tense and agitated, have hyper reflexes and blood pressure that’s higher than the midday sun. But you’re not alone. Fifty percent of Indian professionals suffer from stress with stress-related diseases from depression to lack of fertility drastically on the rise. In I’m Not Stressed, Deanne Panday, one of the country’s leading health and fitness experts, shares with you her secrets to tackle this looming lifestyle problem. She tells you what stress really means, how to know when you have a serious case of it, and most importantly how to deal with it through a simple plan of diet, exercise, sleep, meditation, and breathing. With advice from leading psychiatrists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and celebrities who have to deal with high-level stress, I’m Not Stressed is your mantra for enduring health and happiness.
IFC Discussion Paper No. 25. Presents tables and graphs of updated statistics on private investment in developing countries between 1980 and 1993. Text focuses on capital flows that contribute to the financing of private investment. This six