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One of the most vexing issues that has faced the international community since the end of the Cold War has been the use of force by the United Nations peacekeeping forces. UN intervention in civil wars, as in Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Rwanda, has thrown into stark relief the difficulty of peacekeepers operating in situations where consent to their presence and activities is fragile or incomplete and where there is little peace to keep. Complex questions arise in these circumstances. When and how should peacekeepers use force to protect themselves, to protect their mission, or, most troublingly, to ensure compliance by recalcitrant parties with peace accords? Is a peace enforcement...
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Sp...
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Vladimir Kramnik is a giant of the chess world. He firmly secured his legendary status when he won the World Championship in 2000 by defeating the previously dominant Garry Kasparov - the only player ever to do so in a match. Kramnik held on to his crown for seven years, and today he remains one of the World's elite players. In this book, former American Open Champion Cyrus Lakdawala invites you to join him in a study of his favourite Kramnik games. Lakdawala examines Kramnik's renowned skills in attack and defence, exploiting imbalances, dynamic elements, accumulating advantages and endgame play, and shows how we can all improve by learning from Kramnik's masterpieces. Move by Move provides an ideal platform to study chess. By continually challenging the reader to answer probing questions throughout the book, the Move by Move format greatly encourages the learning and practising of vital skills just as much as the traditional assimilation of knowledge. Carefully selected questions and answers are designed to keep you actively involved and allow you to monitor your progress as you learn. This is an excellent way to improve your chess skills and knowledge.
Although the exemplar of the Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam has mysteriously disappeared shortly after its composition, the earliest copy in al-Qūnawī’s hand has survived. Having been collated with the orginal, read in front of Ibn al-ʿArabī, and signed by him, it stands as the vetustissimus and optimus. This edition is established on its reading and is checked against ʿAfīfī’s classic. Besides a fully vocalized text, it provides an appended facsimile of the manuscript. The introductory section is the first comprehensive study that tracks the whole story of the manuscript and attempts to identify possible scattered traces of the lost original. It reviews attitudes towards the text, as well as a century of scholarly research on it, and illustrates key concepts of the Master’s doctrine to help contextualize the book contents.
Digital violence continues to increase, especially during times of crisis. Racism, bullying, ageism, sexism, child pornography, cybercrime, and digital tracking raise critical social and digital security issues that have lasting effects. Digital violence can cause children to be dragged into crime, create social isolation for the elderly, generate inter-communal conflicts, and increase cyber warfare. A closer study of digital violence and its effects is necessary to develop lasting solutions. The Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies introduces the current best practices, laboratory methods, policies, and protocols surrounding international digital violence and discrimination. Covering a range of topics such as abuse and harassment, this major reference work is ideal for researchers, academicians, policymakers, practitioners, professionals, instructors, and students.
Presents a comprehensive A-to-Z reference to the empire that once encompassed large parts of the modern-day Middle East, North Africa, and southeastern Europe.
The incidence of diabetes is increasing both in the western world and in developing countries; type 2 diabetes increase is partly the result of greater obesity. Diabetes can cause two major problems to the foot – diabetic neuropathy resulting in nerve damage and peripheral vascular disease reducing the flow of blood. These can result in ulceration of the foot which needs careful management to avoid the possibility of amputation. This management is best undertaken by multidisciplinary teams using the latest evidence to support their practice. This book presents a comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the latest evidence-based investigations, techniques and management of the diabetic foot. Evidenced-based management of the diabetic foot International, multidisciplinary team of editors and contributors Comprehensive reference for all health professionals involved in the care of diabetic foot problems