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A masterly survey of the last 13 years of Very Long Baseline Interferometry, reviewed in light of the most advanced astronomical observations. Topics covered include: Nonthermal emission from extragalactic radio sources; Principles of synchrotron emission in relation to astrophysics; Theory of relativistic jets; Young, powerful radio sources and their evolution; Scintillation in extragalactic radio sources; Radio and optical interferometry; Radio polarimetry; Unified schemes; Deep fields; Tropospheric and ionospheric phase calibration; Supernovae; VLBI for geodesy and geodynamics.
Positions and magnitude measurements at effective wavelengths of 4.2, 11.0, 19.8, and 27.4 micrometers are reported for an additional 2477 sources observed during the AFGL survey program. These sources were obtained by relaxing the stringent selection criteria used for the main catalog and subjectively selecting those that have associations and/or other characteristics which make them of interest for future investigation.
Quasars and active galaxies are the most powerful emitters of radiation in the universe. Modern radio telescope arrays have shown that the ultimate energy source resides in the central few parsecs of the galactic nucleus, and powers the emitting regions by way of two oppositely-directed relativistic jets of energy. This volume presents the latest observations and theories of these remarkable objects. Topics discussed include superluminal motions, the physics of jets and shock fronts in jets, related optical observations, and cosmic evolution. Particular attention is given to the "unified theories," which attempt to show that many of the phenomena in powerful extragalactic objects are different aspects of a single, basic mechanism; the main difference in their appearance is a result of their different orientation with respect to the observer.
337 F(e) = (z) where the angle between the directions III and 112 is equal to 8. r is the angular diameter effective distance of the epoch for recombination. F (8) ~ve have F(e) : f (e) ~ (S" ) e. . ~ is a Bessel function. It is assumed here that the spectrum of gravitational waves takes the form 1\ hI'::: hoK for all relevant wavelengths, a is beam width of the radio antenna, d\= d~, and ~ is the duration of the process of recombinations in \-time. The results for different beam widths are shown in Fig. 1. 338 I. D. NOVIKOV 1-. . . -__ 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 e' 0. 5 o and for a l' (solid line) and Fig. 1. The function f(8) for n for a = 2' (dotted line). These formula should be used in analysing the implications of future observations. Comparison with the observational data now available enables us to establish an upper limit for the energy density of long gravitational waves. This method is most sensitive for gravitational waves with A ~ ct The fluctuations ~; due to these waves have scale ~ 0. 03 GW rec 4 radian. If, according to modern observations, we take ~;
The significance of the present IAU symposium, "The Large Scale Structure of the Universe", fortunately requires no elaboration by the editors. The quality of the wide range of observational and theoretical astrophysics contained in this volume speaks for itself. The published version of the proceedings contains all the contributions presented at the symposium with the exception of the introductory lecture by V. A. Ambartsumian. Contributed papers, short contributions and discussions have been included according to the recommendations of the IAU. Many people contributed to the success of the symposium. First of all, thanks are due to the USSR Academy of Sciences and to the Estonian Academy o...
This book is the first to provide students and researchers in the field of astrophysical jets with a comprehensive and up-to-date account of current research. An important feature of the book is that it combines discussions of both extragalactic and Galactic jets. There are ten chapters, authored by fourteen active researchers, each of whom is an expert on their chosen topic, and the book has been edited to provide a cohesive account of this field of study. This is the first volume to integrate studies of jets on all length scales. It will be an important textbook for graduate students, and a valuable reference source for researchers in many areas of extragalactic and Galactic astronomy. It will also be of interest to plasma physicists and space scientists.
Extragalactic radio sources are among the most unusual and spectacular objects in the universe, with sizes in excess of millions of light years, radiated energies over ten times those of normal galaxies, and a unique morphology. They reveal some of the most dramatic physical events ever seen and provide essential clues to the basic evolutionary tracks followed by all galaxies and groups of galaxies. In The Physics of Extragalactic Radio Sources, David De Young provides a clearly written overview of what is currently known about these objects. A unique feature of the book is De Young's emphasis on the physical processes associated with extragalactic radio sources: their evolution, their environment, and their use as probes to solve other astrophysical problems. He also makes extensive use of the large amount of data now available from observations at x-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths to illustrate his main points. The Physics of Extragalactic Radio Sources will be a comprehensive introduction to the field for graduate students and a useful summary for astrophysicists.