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A Comparative Analysis of Taxes and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in the Nordic Countries
The report discusses how economic instruments can be used to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in the Nordic countries. The analysis indicate that: the registration tax and the annual circulation tax can contribute to a reduction in the average CO2 emission from new cars; company car schemes in the Nordic countries provide incentives for larger cars and increased driving because of subsidies, and this has long term effect as a large share of new cars are registered as company cars but are used as private cars most of their lives; CO2 differentiated taxes can provide incentives to consumers to purchase CO2 efficient cars; targeted broader packages which besides providing tax incentives also offer advantages to more environmentally friendly cars can be more effective than general tax increases; transparency of targets and instruments is crucial for a large diffusion of CO2 efficient cars.
Pollution for Sale
This timely book provides a comprehensive overview of the theory and practice of emissions trading including the lessons learnt, the problems faced and the prospects for its extended use. It includes case studies of trading schemes in the USA and Europe, and studies of international trading under the European acid rain regime. Problems of practical implementation, especially institutional feasibility and political acceptability, are given particular attention. The prospects for the international trading of greenhouse gases following the Kyoto Protocol are assessed, together with the potential conflict between emissions trading and established regulatory traditions. Pollution for Sale will be of great interest to policy makers, practitioners, researchers and students of environmental policy.
