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This report describes the development of Canadian water quality guidelines for the nitrate ion for the protection of aquatic life. It contains a review of technical background information on the chemical & physical properties of nitrate & nitrate salts, the nitrogen cycle, natural & anthropogenic sources, fate & behaviour of nitrate in the environment, nitrate environmental concentrations, and effects of nitrates on aquatic organisms (including fish, plants, invertebrates, and semi-aquatic mammals & birds). The final section sets out nitrate concentration guidelines to protect fresh & marine water quality and aquatic life, and provides guidance on the application of the guidelines. Appendices include tables that summarize freshwater & marine toxicity studies.
This book comparatively analyses the federal policies and financing of India and Canada. It examines whether federalism as a system of governance is better suited to deal with environmental questions. It operates from the assumption that federalism can provide an effective solution to the emerging concerns of the environment because it essentially provides a model of disaggregated governance without any extensive and intrusive mark of hierarchy. It presents a uniquely exploration of environmental governance from this hitherto under-researched perspective, and simultaneously, in order to provide a better conceptual understanding, examines the different theories of federalism and modes of dist...
This book examines policy-making in one of the most significant areasof activity in the Canadian economy -- natural resources and theenvironment. It discusses the evolution of resource policies from theearly era of exploitation to the present era of resource andenvironmental management. Using an integrated political economy andpolicy perspective, the book provides an analytic framework from whichthe foundation of ideological perspectives, administrative structures,and substantive issues are explored. The integration of social scienceperspectives and the combination of theoretical and empirical work makethis innovative book one of the most comprehensive analyses of Canadiannatural resource and environmental policy to date.
This book is dedicated to the occurrence and behaviour of PHEs in the different compartments of the environment, with special reference to soil. Current studies of PHEs in ecosystems have indicated that many industrial areas near urban agglomerates, abandoned or active mines, major road systems and ultimately also agricultural land act as sources and at the same time sinks, of PHEs and large amounts of metals are recycled or dispersed in the environment, posing severe concerns to human health. Thanks to the collaboration of numerous colleagues, the book outlines the state of art in PHEs research in several countries and is enforced with case studies and enriched with new data, not published elsewhere. The book will provide to Stakeholders (both Scientists Professionals and Public Administrators) and also to non-specialists a lot of data on the concentrations of metals in soils and the environment and the critical levels so far established, in the perspective to improve the environmental quality and the human safety.
The Agreement on Internal Trade has the objective of reducing and eliminating barriers to free movement of persons, goods, services, and investments within Canada. The Agreement covers all environmental measures, or measures whose primary purpose is to protect the environment or to prevent danger to life or health. This manual begins with an overview of the Agreement and how it affects environmental measures. It then provides checklists for application to a particular environmental measure to help ensure that the measure does not hinder internal trade and is consistent with the Agreement. The formal rules of the Agreement are explained in detail along with how they might be applied to environmental measures in case of a dispute. A glossary of technical terms and a list of selected reports that discuss trade-environment linkages are included.
This book provides an analytic framework from which the foundation of ideological perspectives, administrative structures, and substantive issues are explored. Departing from traditional approaches that emphasize a single discipline or perspective, it offers an interdisciplinary framework with which to think through ecological, political, economic, and social issues. It also provides a multi-stage analysis of policy making from agenda setting through the evaluation process. The integration of social science perspectives and the combination of theoretical and empirical work make this innovative book one of the most comprehensive analyses of Canadian natural resource and environmental policy to date.
"This expanded and updated edition of Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy examines policy making in one of the most significant areas of activity in the Canadian economy - natural resources and the environment. It discusses the evolution of resource policies from the early era of exploitation to the present era of resource and environmental management, including the Kyoto Protocol. Using an integrated political economy and policy perspective, the book provides an analytic framework through which ideological perspectives, administrative structures, and substantive issues are explored." --Résumé de l'éditeur.
Managing environmental contamination requires decision makers to weigh eXlstmg risks against the potential effects of implementing environmental policies - considering both the benefits and disruptions that may result from different actions. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop in Lisbon was an important step in the development and application of cost efficient methods of risk assessment especiaIly within the constraints of a budget. The goal of the workshop was to evaluate the potential for risk assessment to serve as a unified and unifying technique in addressing a wide range of environmental problems. Papers presented in this book discuss issues ranging from specific and local studies (spe...