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In nineteenth century Cisleithanian Austria, poor, working-class women underwent mass migrations from the countryside to urban centers for menial or unskilled labor jobs. Through legal provisions on women’s work in the Habsburg Empire, there was an increase in the policing and surveillance of what was previously a gender-neutral career, turning it into one dominated by thousands of female rural migrants. Servants of Culture provides an account of Habsburg servant law since the eighteenth century and uncovers the paternalistic and maternalistic assumptions and anxieties which turned the interest of socio-political players in improving poor living and working conditions into practices that created restrictive gender and class hierarchies. Through pioneering analysis of the agendas of medical experts, police, socialists, feminists, legal reformers, and even serial killers, this volume puts forth a neglected history of the state of domestic service discourse at the turn of the 19th century and how it shaped and continues to shape the surveillance of women.
Since the 1880s, electrical energies started circulating in European theaters, generated from fossil fuels in urban power plants. A mysterious force, which was still traded as romantic life force by some and for others had already come to stand in for progress, entered performance venues. Engineering knowledge, control techniques and supply chains changed fundamentally how theater was made and thought of. The mechanical image machine from Renaissance and Baroque times was transformed into a thermodynamic engine. Modern theater turned out to be electrified theater. – Retracing what happened backstage before the Avantgarde took to the front stage, this book proposes to write the genealogy of theaters modernity as a cultural history of theater technology.
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Franz Brümmers achtbändiges Lexikon der deutschen Dichter und Prosaisten, hier in einer Widerauflage der 6. Auflage von 1913, gehört mit ca. 10000 Eintragungen zu den umfassendsten und herausragendsten Referenzwerken zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte. Es bildet Bio- und Bibliographien des gesamten 19. Jahrhunderts bis hin zu Schriftstellern des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts in größtmöglicher Detailtreue und Vollständigkeit ab. Dies ist Band zwei von acht mit Einträgen von "Denner" bis "Grütter."
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