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Carlisle charts the city's emergence as an urban centre under the Romans and traces its vicissitudes over subsequent centuries until the high Middle Ages. Arguably, the most important theme that differentiates its development from many other towns is its position as a 'border' city. The characteristics of the landscape surrounding Carlisle gave it special significance as a front-line element in the defence of the Roman province of Britannia and later at the frontier of two emerging kingdoms, England and Scotland. In both cases, it occupied the only overland route in the west between these two kingdoms, emphasising the importance of understanding its landscape setting. This volume sheds light...
A study of James Hay, a little known 17th-cent. Scotsman who was a key figure in the early Stuart era. Unlike the vast majority of Scots who entered England with James I, Hay absorbed the culture of England and tried to become a genuine part of it, in order to play an important role for his adopted country on both the nat. and internat. level. For more than three decades Hay was at the right hand of those who made the decisions, and advised them on what to decide. Between 1616 and 1629 Hay traveled to virtually every major Western European nation. Hay's lesser gentry origins, emphasis on civilian gov't. employment, devotion to the court over the country and ardent entrepreneurship all single him out as a Jacobean aristocrat. A print on demand pub.
A guided tour of the historic town of Carlisle, showing how it has changed over the past century and more.
Explore the fascinating history of Carlisle in this fully illustrated A-Z guide to the city's people and places.