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Catholics and Political Violence in the Twentieth Century presents a historical reconstruction of the ways in which Catholics have justified the recourse to political violence during the twentieth century, a period marked by major wars, nationalisms, decolonization, ideological clashes, and episodes of genocide. Legitimation processes are particularly complex when this violence is not endorsed by the state, and perhaps used against it. Depending on perspective, the protagonists of this radical form of collective action may be seen as ‘terrorists’ or ‘freedom fighters’. Written by a leading historian of contemporary Catholicism, this book examines a series of case studies from differe...
Drawing on a unique body of oral history interviews, archival material and published sources, this book shows how women’s participation in radical Basque nationalism has changed from the founding of ETA in 1959 to the present. It analyses several aspects of women’s nationalist activism: collaboration and direct activism in ETA, cultural movements, motherhood, prison and feminism. By focusing on gender politics Women and ETA offers new perspectives on the history of ETA, including recruitment, the militarization of radical Basque nationalism, and the role of the media in shaping popular understandings of ‘terrorism’. These arguments are directly relevant to the study of women in other insurgence and terrorist movements. The book will be of interest to scholars and students of history, Hispanic studies, gender studies, anthropology and politics, as well as to journalists and readers interested in women’s participation in contemporary conflicts and terrorist movements.
Examines the history of the millions of Spaniards who avoided conscription into either faction of the Spanish Civil War or deserted their posts after being sent to battle.
Human rights watch world report 2002: events of 2001.
El antinacionalismo es, a juicio del autor, uno de los mayores obstáculos, no ya para la paz, sino para la normalización de la vida política democrática en Euskadi. Un obstáculo de la misma magnitud que cualquier intento de marginación de los no nacionalistas. Enderezando el bucle realiza un recorrido minucioso y documentado a través de los antecedentes -unos próximos, otros más lejanos- de lo que el autor denomina «antinacionalismo vasco moderno, mal llamado constitucionalismo», y recurre, para tal fin, a las propias fuentes antinacionalistas, al tiempo que extrae de la memoria personal del autor poderosos elementos de contraste, aderezados a menudo con el análisis de ejemplos rescatados del proceso irlandés.
This book provides a genealogy of radical Basque nationalism and the means by which this complex, often violent, political movement has reinforced Basque identity. Radical nationalists are mobilized by a shared frame of reference where ethnicity and violence are intertwined in a nostalgic recreation of a golden age and a quasi-religious imperative to restore that distant past. Muro critically examines the origins of the ethno-nationalist conflict and provides a comprehensive examination of Euskadi Ta Askatusana’s (ETA) violent campaign. The book analyzes the interplay of ethnicity and violence and stresses the role of inherited myths, memories, and cultural symbols to explain the ability of radical Basque nationalism to endure.