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Making Spaces through Infrastructure
Infrastructures are fundamental means through which societies create spaces, but little is known about the precise ways in which this occurs. How have infrastructures animated certain understandings of space? How do infrastructures stabilize, or undermine, the spatial formats in which we live, which shape our everyday practices and which regulate access to services and resources? And, conversely, how do spaces frame the ways infrastructural provision is organized? How do existing spaces shape infrastructural development and the scope and forms of access to vital services such as transport and water? In this volume, historians and sociologists draw on a range of fascinating case studies and provide compelling answers to these questions. Exploring, among others, the provision of irrigation water in nineteenth-century Los Angeles, the invention of airport transit zones, and the infrastructural practices of homeless people in Berlin, the book demonstrates how the making of spaces through infrastructure is deeply political. Intent on revealing uneven geographies of provision and hierarchies of access, the contributors highlight how infrastructures are products of global entanglements.
The Making of a World Order
Why does 1919 deserve further study and debate a hundred years later? What lessons for global history may we learn from the world order created at the end of the Great War? Drawing insight from the global turn of the past several decades that has forced us to reconsider the most important world events and processes since the French Revolution and especially the growing interest in World War I as a global conflict that extended far beyond the borders of Europe, this volume explores the global political ramifications of the treaties prepared at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 by focusing on key topics: how the Paris Peace Conference re-shaped the geo-political configurations of the Middle East, the importance of transformations in Asia and particularly China in the immediate postwar period, the shifts in Southeastern Europe, new feminist movements in Central Europe, and the pre-history of neoliberalism. Read together, the papers demonstrate how the peace treaties signed in 1919 and 1920 marked a profound transformation on local, national, continental, and global scales.
The Paris Peace Conference of 1919
For more than a century, the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 has remained an object of historical scrutiny. As an attempt to consolidate peace in the wake of World War I and to prevent future conflict, it was instrumental in shaping political and social dynamics both nationally and internationally. Yet, in spite of its implications for global conflict, little consideration has been given to the way the Paris Peace Conference constructed a new global order. In this illuminating and geographically wide-ranging reassessment, The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 reconsiders how this watershed event, its diplomatic negotiations and the peace treaties themselves gave rise to new dynamics of global power and politics. In doing so it highlights the way in which the forces of nationality and imperiality interacted with, and were reshaped by, the peace.
Defectors
A broad-ranging history of defectors from the Communist world to the West and how their Cold War treatment shaped present-day restrictions on cross-border movement. Defectors fleeing the Soviet Union seized the world's attention during the Cold War. Their stories were given sensational news coverage and dramatized in spy novels and films. Upon reaching the West, they were entitled to special benefits, including financial assistance and permanent residency. In contrast to other migrants, defectors were pursued by the states they left even as they were eagerly sought by the United States and its allies. Taking part in a risky game that played out across the globe, defectors sought to transcend...
Educational Secularization Within Europe and Beyond
Did religion disappear with modernization and the secularization reforms that changed the relation between religion and state throughout the European empires and nation states from late nineteenth century onwards? Or was religion rather transformed becoming a part of the new social and national imaginaries on the road from European empires to African, Middle Eastern, European Union- and Post-Soviet nation states? What are the historical roots behind the divisions of state, church and education that characterized the late nineteenth and during the twentieth century? What has been the role of education in this context, both with regard to political reforms targeting the education systems and w...
They All Made Peace – What Is Peace?
An analysis of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne from multiple historical, economic, and social perspectives. The last of the post-World War One peace settlements, the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne departed from methods used in the Treaty of Versailles and took on a new peace-making initiative: a forced population exchange that affected one and a half million people. Like its German and Austro-Hungarian allies, the defeated Ottoman Empire had initially been presented with a dictated peace in 1920. In just two years, however, the Kemalist insurgency enabled Turkey to become the first sovereign state in the Middle East, while the Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, Egyptians, Kurds, and other communities previously...
Histories of Political Thought in the Ottoman World
This collection of papers is intended to provide a survey of the history of political ideas in the Ottoman world from its dawn around 1300 to its downfall in the early 20th century. It features fourteen original papers by some of the most prominent and innovative scholars of Ottoman history. The book sheds light on the complex role that ideas have played in all aspects of Ottoman social and political life throughout the history of the Ottoman world, across time, space, social class, and ethnic and religious identity. Histories of Political Thought in the Ottoman World takes exception to a common tendency, both among Ottoman historians and in the broader academic world, that considers Ottoman political life exclusively in terms of the political ideas of the Sunni Muslim governing elite. It makes clear that the non-elite, non-Sunni Muslim, non-Muslim, non-Turkish, and female members of the Ottoman society have also significantly contributed to the making of Ottoman political culture throughout its history.
Environments of Exile
Forced migration always takes place within specific cultural, social, political, and spatial environments. This volume focuses on the interaction between those forced to migrate and their environments in the contexts of escape and exile from Nazi-occupied Europe. Forced emigration from Nazi Germany was a global phenomenon that took refugees to regions they often knew very little about. Not only did they have to adapt to foreign cultures, but also to unfamiliar natural environments that often exposed them to severe temperature conditions, droughts, rainy seasons, and diseases. While some refugees prepared for the natural conditions of their exile destination, others acquired environmental knowledge at their host countries or were able to adapt prior knowledge to the new environment. Consequently, specific knowledge about the environment had a large influence on the forced migration experience.
Verflochtene Nationsbildung
Die Pariser Friedenskonferenz im Jahr 1919 gilt als Schlüsselmoment politischer Reorganisation nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Sie führte zur Gründung des Völkerbundes als neues Zentrum internationaler Beziehungen. Im Mittleren Osten besiegelte sie zeitgleich die Aufteilung des Osmanischen Reiches, welche in eine nationale Widerstandsbewegung und die Schaffung der ‚Neuen Türkei‘ mündete. Internationale und regionale Umbruchprozesse rückt Carolin Liebisch-Gümüş in ihrer Studie eng zusammen. Im Zentrum stehen die Akteure der türkischen Nationsbildung – Intellektuelle, Aktivisten und Staatsmänner. Die Autorin analysiert, wie diese nationalistische Elite ihr politisches Projekt mit ...
Narrative und Darstellungsweisen der Globalgeschichte
Während sich Globalhistorikerinnen und -historiker bereits intensiv damit auseinandergesetzt haben, welche Themen und Fragestellungen in ihrem Ansatz behandelt werden sowie welche Theorien und Methoden Anwendung finden sollten, gibt es bislang nur wenige Überlegungen zu Darstellungsformen und Erzählweisen von globalgeschichtlichen Texten. Diese Lücke möchte der vorliegende Band schließen: Zum einen fragt er danach, welche Meister- und Metaerzählungen existieren und welche Kritik an diesen geübt wurde. Zum anderen werden unterschiedliche Darstellungsweisen vorgestellt, mit denen sich die Geschichte des Kolonialismus, der Migrationen sowie des globalen Waren- und Wissensaustauschs erzählen lassen. Darüber hinaus werden exemplarisch einige häufig in globalgeschichtlichen Darstellungen zu findende Begriffe und Visualisierungen analysiert. Im Mittelpunkt des Bandes steht die Frage, welchen spezifischen narrativen Herausforderungen sich Globalhistorikerinnen und -historiker stellen müssen.
