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Vinyl Cations
Vinyl Cations provides a comprehensive and detailed treatment of the reactive intermediate in which the electron-deficient carbon is an integral part of a ? unsaturation. This book emphasizes that the reaction through vinyl cations is a viable pathway among the multitude of mechanistic routes for vinylic substitution. The aryl, ethynyl, and allenyl cations from the viewpoint of direct solvolytic generation from appropriate allenyl precursors are briefly discussed. Other topics include the preparative aspects of electrophilic additions to alkynes, participation of allenyl bonds in solvolyses, and vinyl cations generated through diazonium ions. The nature of the cationic intermediates, migrations across the double bond, thiirenium ions, and species related to vinyl cations are likewise elaborated. This publication is beneficial to chemists and researchers concerned with vinyl cations.
Carbon-Centered Free Radicals and Radical Cations
Covers the most advanced computational and experimental methods for studying carbon-centered radical intermediates With its focus on the chemistry of carbon-centered radicals and radical cations, this book helps readers fully exploit the synthetic utility of these intermediates in order to prepare fine chemicals and pharmaceutical products. Moreover, it helps readers better understand their role in complex atmospheric reactions and biological systems. Thoroughly up to date, the book highlights the most advanced computational and experimental methods available for studying and using these critically important intermediates. Carbon-Centered Free Radicals and Radical Cations begins with a short...
Monovalent Cations in Biological Systems
This unique volume provides an integrated overview of the subject of monovalent cations, specifically aimed at students and researchers. It is divided into two parts: the first deals with the processes by which monovalent cations are transported across biological membranes; the second deals with the processes that are affected by changes in intracellular cations. Each chapter describes in simple biochemical terms the interaction between one or more monovalent cations and a particular biological system of importance to current understanding of body function in health and disease. This useful publication is invaluable to students and researchers in biochemistry, physiology, neurology, pharmacology, anesthesiology, cardio-pulmonology, hematology, laboratory medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, psychiatry, urology, biomedical physics and medical nutrition.
Cation Binding by Macrocycles
This reference details the theory and application of cation complexation, including the design and synthesis of various cyclic systems, these materials' use as transport systems, in complexation and selectivity studies by macrocyclic systems, and methodologies for understanding these phenomena. In a
Cation Binding by Humic Substances
The first comprehensive account of these important environmental interactions, this book describes the binding reactions, how they can be mathematically modelled, and how this knowledge is used to interpret environmental phenomena in soils, waters and sediments. A valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, environmental scientists, ecologists and geochemists.
Nonselective Cation Channels
It can be argued that nonselective cation channels were the first sort of ion channel to be described, though the word channel was not used at the time. Their existence was implied by Fatt and Katz in 1952, when they described the action of acetylcholine at the muscle endplate as producing "a large nonselective increase of ion permeability, i.e. a short circuit". Shortly afterwards, in 1956, Katz referred to "aqueous channels through which small ions can pass ... " (del Castillo and Katz, Prog. Biophysics and Biophys. Chern. 6, 121-170). Now, more than thirty years later, it has become clear that there are far more types of nonselective cation channels than anyone could have imagined a few y...
Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations
Membrane transporters are of vital importance for cells. They mediate the flux of many substances through the plasma membrane. In this book, the transporters for organic cations, a special class of membrane transporters, are presented. Transporters belonging to this class are important because they allow many neurotransmitters (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and many drugs (e.g., trospium and tofacitinib) to permeate the plasma membrane. Therefore, transporters for organic cations can modulate the action of neurotransmitters and drugs, having in this way important physiological and pharmacological implications. These aspects are illustrated in original works and reviews presented in this boo...
