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Surface crystallography is a discipline which has come of age. There exist in the literature several hundred complete determinations of atomic configurations at surfaces: yet the number is not so great that cataloguing these structures is too daunting a task. We felt that now was the right moment to begin a compilation that could be updated at frequent intervals to give a comprehensive picture of the known surface world. The following pages are the product of our labours. Our target community is the large number of surface chemists, materials scientists, physicists and others whose work involves surfaces. As the compilation expands with time our hope is that it will become one of the standar...
The lifetime of a positron inside a solid is normally less than a fraction of nanosecond. This is a very short time on a human scale, but is long enough to enable the positron to visit an extended region of the material, and to sense the atomic and electronic structure of the environment. Thus, we can inject a positron in a sample to draw from it some signal giving us information on the microscopic properties of the material. This idea has been successfully developed in a number of positron-based techniques of physical analysis, with resolution in energy, momentum, or position. The complex of these techniques is what we call now positron spectroscopy of solids. The field of application of th...
This and its companion Volume 2 document the proceedings of the International Symposium on Physicochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces held under the auspices of the American Chemical Society in New York City, August 23-28, 1981. This event was sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry and the Divisions of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, and Industrial and Engineering Chemistry were the cosponsors. The study of polymer surfaces is important from both funda mental and applied points of view. The applications of polymers are legion and wheresoever polymers are used, their surface char acteristics, inter alia, are of great concern and importance; and the areas where po...
Modem materials science is exploiting novel tools of solid-state physics and chemistry to obtain an unprecedented understanding of the structure of matter at the atomic level. The direct outcome of this understanding is the ability to design and fabricate new materials whose properties are tailored to a given device ap plication. Although applications of materials science can range from low weight, high strength composites for the automobile and aviation industry to biocompat ible polymers, in no other field has progress been more strikingly rapid than in that of electronic materials. In this area, it is now possible to predict from first principles the properties of hypothetical materials a...
The primary goal of this book is to summarize the current level of accumulated knowledge about the physical structure of solid surfaces with emphasis on well-defined surfaces at the gas-solid and vacuum-solid interfaces. The intention is not only to provide a standard reference for practitioners, but also to provide a good starting point for scientists who are just entering the field. The presentation in most of the chapters therefore assumes that the typical reader will have a good undergraduate background in chemistry, physics, or materials science. At the same time, coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level with emphasis on fundamental physical principles. This first volume ...
This handbook is a compendium giving a comprehensive description of the basics of semiconductor physics relevant to the design and analysis of thin film solar cell materials. It starts from the basics of material science, describing the material and its growth, defect and electrical properties, the basics of its interaction with photons and the involved statistics, proceeding to space charge effects in semiconductors and pn-junctions. Most attention is given to analyze homo- and hetero-junction solar cells using various models and applying the field-of-direction analysis for discussing current voltage characteristics, and helping to discover the involvement of high-field effects in solar cells. The comprehensive coverage of the main topics of - and relating to - solar cells with extensive reference to literature helps scientists and engineers at all levels to reach a better understanding and improvement of solar cell properties and their production. The author is one of the founders of thin film solar cell research.
The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Quantum Chemistry of Polymers; Solid State Aspects" lIIas held at the MARITIM Congress Hotel Braunlage/Harz in the Federal Republic of Germany from July 25 - August 5, 1983. We lIIish to express our deep gratitude to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, the main sponsor of the Institute, and to the National Foundation for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland for their substantial support. We sincerely thank Dr. Craig Sinclair, Director of the NATO Advanced Study Institutes program as lIIell as the IIIhole Advanced Study Institute/Advanced Research Workshop Advisory Board of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, IIIho have honored us by holding their exte...
Electron emission spectroscopy became recently a major tool for the study of molecules and solids. These volumes contain a rather complete review of the state of the art in this field. Both the physical and chemical aspects are covered extensively by well known specialists. Different modes of excitation are used in electron emission spec troscopy. The electron-solid scattering is covered in detail by C. B. Duke, from a theoretical point of view. Elastic and inelastic low energy electron diffraction are extensively discussed in relation to the geometrical, electronic and vibronic structure of solid surfaces. Auger electron emission spectroscopy (AES) is covered by J. C. Tracy. The tech nique ...
The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.