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Cerium
Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth elements, making up about 0.0046% of the Earth's crust by weight. It is found in a number of minerals, the most important being monazite and bastnasite. Commercial applications of cerium include catalysts, additives to fuel to reduce emissions and to glass and enamels to change their colour. In this book, the authors study the molecular structure, technological applications and health effects of cerium. Topics include the synthetic and structural features of ceriopolyoxotungstates; cerium-based corrosion inhibitors; tetravalent cerium chemistry; comparative toxicity of cerium and other rare earth elements (REEs) in plant and invertebrate test systems; cerium-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3; cerium oxide and its reduction in composite materials under hydrogen containing atmosphere; cerium as fertiliser for soils in Russia; and the structure and reactivity of cerium IV complexes with aliphatic organic compounds.
Cerium
Cerium is one of the most important lanthanide elements based on its characteristics and wide range of related applications. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and mostly can be found in either +3 or +4 ionisation states. It can be considered one of the rare earth elements with relatively low toxicity and a lot of biological applications depending on its redox (reduction-oxidation) process between the +3/+4 ionisation states and oxygen storage capability. This book focuses on the cerium compounds such as oxides and silicides, with detailed studies about its structures, characterisations and related applications. Chapter One mainly presents some optical characteristics of ...
The Ion Exchange Properties of Cerium (IV) Compounds
The ion exchange properties of ceric phosphate were investigated including rates of reaction, distribution coefficients of alkali metals, capacity and column behavior of some elements. Ceric oxide was shown to possess anion exchange properties in acid solution and cation exchange properties in basic solution. The two compounds have properties analogous to, but not identical with, zirconium oxide and phosphate. Cesium and barium were successfully separated on a short column of ceric phosphate at room temperature. These inorganic ion-exchangers show promise of providing additional means for effecting and widening the scope of radiochemical separations, an important and necessary consideration in the radioactivation analysis, of trace elements in ultrapure materials. (Author).
Cerium Oxide (CeO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Cerium Oxide (CeO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides an updated and comprehensive account of the research in the field of cerium oxide based materials. The book is divided into three main blocks that deal with its properties, synthesis and applications. Special attention is devoted to the growing number of applications of ceria based materials, including their usage in industrial and environmental catalysis and photocatalysis, energy production and storage, sensors, cosmetics, radioprotection, glass technology, pigments, stainless steel and toxicology. A brief historical introduction gives users background, and a final chapter addresses future perspectives and outlooks to sti...
Extraction of Cerium (IV) Nitrate by Butyl Phosphate
Cerium (IV) nitrate is readily extracted from aqueous solutions by tri-n-butyl phosphate, a solvent which is reasonably stable under the strongly oxidizing conditions. The conditions for extraction are not critical, and favorable extraction is not inhibited by perchlorates or acetates, but sulfates interfere. By oxidation with bromates and simultaneous exhaustive extraction by butyl phosphate, the cerium may be quantitatively extracted. The degree of separation of cerium from iron, zirconium, lanthanum, and praseodymium are discussed. Uranium and thorium are extracted by butyl phosphate; the first is easily removed beforehand, and the second may be separated by coprecipitation of ceric iodate. It is believed that cerium (IV) nitrate is extracted by butyl phosphate by virtue of the formation of a new complex. Some attempts were made to identify or characterize this new body, but no conclusive evidence was gained.
