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This book examines the role played by domestic and international judges in the “flexibilization” of legal systems through general principles. It features revised papers that were presented at the Annual Conference of the European-American Consortium for Legal Education, held at the University of Parma, Italy, May 2014. This volume is organized in four sections, where the topic is mainly explored from a comparative perspective, and includes case studies. The first section covers theoretical issues. It offers an analysis of principles in shaping Dworkin’s theories about international law, a reflection on the role of procedural principles in defining the role of the judiciary, a view on t...
Amongst the mammalian producer cell lines, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are of predominant importance in biopharmaceutical production. Thus, novel factors increasing overall productivity are sought and bear the potential to reduce the unit costs of a production process. Furthermore, the current patent situation for several therapeutic proteins demands innovative tools to at least maintain or preferentially increase the cost-effectiveness of their production processes. In this thesis, hitherto unknown factors were revealed by next generation sequencing of chemically mutated and selected CHO-K1 suspension cell lines. Two factors were proven to improve CHO-based production process...
DNA stores and passes the genetic information of almost all living organisms. Its molecular structure and their intramolecular interactions are particularly suitable to maximize stability against oxidative stress and UV-light absorption. Yet the protection and repair strategies are still error-prone: DNA lesions are produced, including the most complex and highly mutagenic ones. An important threat to DNA stability comes from photosensitization, i.e. from the dramatic multiplication of radiation-induced defects mediated by the presence of organic or organometallic dyes compared to the direct exposure to UVA radiation. Moreover, the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen generates an extr...