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Realist Trials and Systematic Reviews
This book describes an innovative approach to the evaluation of complex health interventions, assessing what interventions work, how and for whom. Rejecting the stalemate between trials and realist evaluation, it draws on the best of both. Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews offer the least biased means of assessing intervention effects but tell us little scientifically about how interventions work. Policy-makers and practitioners are also not supported to decide which interventions are likely to achieve most benefits in their local contexts. Realists use other forms of evaluation and evidence synthesis exploring how intervention mechanisms interact with context to generate outcomes. But these approaches lack rigour in assessing causality. This book proposes how realist evaluation methods may be incorporated within randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews. This enables evaluations and evidence synthesis to benefit from the more nuanced questions posed within realist enquiry while maintaining rigour in assessing causality.
Health Promotion Practice
This book considers the key steps in the practical application of health promotion. It starts by showing how it is first necessary to determine the needs of a population and to review the scientific evidence to justify intervening. The wide range of approaches available are considered, including: Motivational interviewing Theatre Mass media Social marketing Community development Public policy Finally, it discusses how to plan health promotion programmes, how to evaluate them and how to expand their impact by scaling-up the activities to larger populations.
The Critical Friend
In today's school communities, the 'critical friend' - or change facilitator - has an increasingly vital role to play across the spectrum of teaching and learning, health promotion, and continuing professional development. But what is a critical friend and what does it take to be effective in such a role? Drawing on the findings of three intensive, school-based research initiatives, this book clearly defines the role of the critical friend and demonstrates a range of frameworks and applications for practice. Positive change in students' social and emotional wellbeing, and connectedness to school, is promoted through teachers' professional learning and focus on supportive school environments....
Promoting Abstinence, Being Faithful, and Condom Use with Young Africans
Promotion of the low risk "ABC" behaviors--Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condom use--has had only limited success in Africa. This book draws on a large qualitative study affiliated with an adolescent intervention trial to examine how ABC promotion can be improved. It evaluates the MEMA kwa Vijana sexual health program, which was implemented in 62 primary schools and 18 health facilities in rural Tanzania, scrutinizing its teacher-led curriculum, peer education, youth-friendly health services, youth condom distribution, and community mobilization components. The book examines how implementing such a low-cost, large-scale program involved many compromises, including those between national po...
Introduction To Epidemiology
This popular book examines the underlying concepts and applications of epidemiology.
Environmental Epidemiology
The impact of the environment on human health is of growing concern to the public, politicians and public health practitioners. Epidemiology offers a way of investigating and measuring potential hazards, from local sources of pollution to global climate changes. It allows real effects to be distinguished from chance associations. This book describes the methods available for public health practitioners to enable investigations to be carried out and how findings should be interpreted to ensure that the most appropriate policies are adopted. The book examines: Air pollution Clusters of cases of ill-health Radiation and hazardous waste Water and health Climate change Contributors:Mike Ahern, Ben Armstrong, Araceli Busby, Pat Doyle, Shakoor Hajat, Sari Kovats, Paul Wilkinson.
COVID-19 ON TRIAL
COVID-19 ON TRIAL Critical Analyses of a “Pandemic” Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Nuremberg Code..................................................................3 Nuremberg 2.0.............................................................................4 WMA Declaration of Helsinki....................................................6 Informed Consent........................................................................6 The Vaccine Programme Has Been Rolled out in Breach of the Legal Requirements for Clinicians to obtain the Free and Informed Consent of Those Being Vaccinated................................................7 Three Major Questions............................................
AIDS: Activism and Alliances
This book brings together specially selected papers addressing themes discussed at the Eighth Conference on the Social Aspects of AIDS held in London in late 1995.
International Bibliography of Sociology
IBSS is the essential tool for librarians, university departments, research institutions and any public or private institution whose work requires access to up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of the social sciences.
Financial Management In Health Services
Although financial management is a highly effective means of implementing key policies in health services, it tends to get little attention, being seen as a necessary but unglamorous area of management. This book shows how health care policies and programmes to promote the health of the public can be supported through financial management techniques. No formal understanding of financial systems is necessary since the book begins with the basics of costings and then goes on to examine accounting systems. The book enables the reader to understand financial performance, examine and confidently discuss financial matters, and apply the concepts in their own organization. This book examines: Management accounting Financial accounting Financial control and information systems
