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Extremely Violent Societies
In this groundbreaking book Christian Gerlach traces the social roots of the extraordinary processes of human destruction involved in mass violence throughout the twentieth century. He argues that terms such as 'genocide' and 'ethnic cleansing' are too narrow to explain the diverse motives and interests that cause violence to spread in varying forms and intensities. From killings and expulsions to enforced hunger, collective rape, strategic bombing, forced labour and imprisonment he explores what happened before, during, and after periods of widespread bloodshed in countries such as Armenia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nazi-occupied Greece and in anti-guerilla wars worldwide in order to highlight the crucial role of socio-economic pressures in the generation of group conflicts. By focussing on why so many different people participated in or supported mass violence, and why different groups were victimized, he offers us a new way of understanding one of the most disturbing phenomena of our times.
The Extermination of the European Jews
A major new interpretation of the Holocaust, contextualizing the destruction of the Jews within Nazi violence against other groups.
On the Social History of Persecution
This multi-disciplinary volume is one of the few collections about social change covering various cases of mass violence and genocide. In life under persecution, social relations and social structures were not absent and not simply replaced by an ethno-racial order. The studies in this book show the influence of social structures like gender, age and class on life under persecution. Exploring practices in family and labor relations and of collective action, they counter claims of an atomization of society or total uprootedness of victims. Despite being exposed to poverty and want and under the permanent threat of political violence, persecuted people tried to develop their own agency. Case studies are about the Jewish and Armenian persecutions, Rwanda, the war of decolonization in Mozambique and civilian refuges in Belarus during World War II. The authors are a mix of experienced scholars and young researchers.
The Palgrave Handbook of Anti-Communist Persecutions
This handbook explores anti-communism as an overarching phenomenon of twentieth-century global history, showing how anti-communist policies and practices transformed societies around the world. It advances research on anti-communism by looking beyond ideologies and propaganda to uncover how these ideas were put into practice. Case studies examine the role of states and non-state actors in anti-communist persecutions, and cover a range of topics, including social crises, capitalist accumulation and dispossession, political clientelism and warfare. Through its comparative perspective, the handbook reveals striking similarities between different cases from various world regions and highlights t...
Holocaust
Presenting a critical study of the Holocaust with a summary of the state of the field, this book contains major reinterpretations by Holocaust authors along with key texts on testimony, memory and justice after the catastrophe.
Der Mord an den europäischen Juden
Christian Gerlach bietet mit diesem kompakten Überblick eine nach Themen geordnete Analyse der Verfolgung und Vernichtung der europäischen Juden und schließt zugleich eine Lücke. Seine Studie untersucht erstmals systematisch das Vorgehen nichtdeutscher Regierungen und Gesellschaften gegen Juden. So kann sie zeigen, dass der Mord an den europäischen Juden ein Prozess war, an dem sich viele Gruppen mit ganz unterschiedlichen Motiven beteiligt haben. Nach einem kurzen chronologischen Aufriss analysiert Christian Gerlach der Reihe nach zentrale Themenkomplexe wie Kriegführung, Außenpolitik, rassistisches Denken, die wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen sowie die Verfolgung nichtjüdischer Opfergruppen. Indem er sie in einen Wirkungszusammenhang stellt, legt er wichtige Aspekte jenseits der üblichen Erklärungsmuster frei. Auch das Verhalten und die Überlebensstrategien jüdischer und anderer Verfolgter werden dargestellt. Gerlachs beeindruckend kenntnisreiche und kluge Analyse ist eine zuverlässige neue Einführung in das wohl schwierigste historische Thema des 20. Jahrhunderts.
How the World Hunger Problem Was Not Solved
"The world food crisis (1972-1975) gave rise to new development concepts. To eradicate world hunger, small peasants were supposed to use 'modern' inputs like high-yielding seeds, fertilizer, pesticides and irrigation. This would turn subsistence producers into business owners, transform rural areas, invigorate national economies and the crisis-stricken world economy and thus stabilize capitalism. Together with an in-depth account of the world food crisis, this book analyses how this global scheme largely failed. It shows its diverse initiators, their reasoning and motives, its political breakthrough, the degrees to which it was implemented globally and nationally in the following decades and...
And the Witnesses Were Silent
An endlessly perplexing question of the twentieth century is how ?decent? people came to allow, and sometimes even participate in, the Final Solution. Fear obviously had its place, as did apathy. But how does one explain the silence of those people who were committed, active, and often fearless opponents of the Nazi regime on other grounds?those who spoke out against Nazi activities in many areas yet whose response to genocide ranged from tepid disquiet to avoidance? One such group was the Confessing Church, Protestants who often risked their own safety to aid Christian victims of Nazi oppression but whose response to pogroms against Jews was ambivalent.
