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Amazing anticancer therapy advancements have been made in the last decade due to tremendous innovations. Nonetheless, drug resistance remains a major challenge that limits the effectiveness of anticancer therapies, causing cancer recurrence and metastasis and being a major cause of cancer-related death. Drug resistance can be caused by complex molecular mechanisms such as gene mutations, epigenetic dysregulation, microenvironment alterations, etc. Many clinical strategies, including combination therapies and epigenetic drugs, have been used to avoid or reverse drug resistance effectively. However, the progression of cancers (in patients under treatment) or the lack of response of cancer patients indicate that current approaches to overcome resistance are far from sufficient, and more work is needed.
Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers, mainly including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, are highly aggressive malignancies with few treatment options and poor prognoses. Effects of the traditional systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are quite limited to hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers. For the patients who suffer from hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer and lose the opportunity of radical surgery, few targeted drugs are available. Even for the drugs in clinical trial, potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer are less studied compared to other common cancers such as lung cancer. Prognostic bio...
It is well established that the tumor microenvironment(TME) plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. TME is comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, nutrients, blood and lymphatic vessels, and non-cancer stromal cells, which serve as a sustained niche for cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize. Notably, various cellular components in TME, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells, and vasculature, could promote tumor’s immune evasion and growth.
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has revolutionized the paradigm in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of immunotherapy varies considerably among patients and only a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical benefits. This is largely attributed to the fact that existing cancer immunotherapies, which concentrate on several classical targets (CTAL-4, PD-1/PD-L1, etc.) and limited types of immune cell populations (T cells), are insufficient to cope with the complexity of highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). This calls for more efforts to not only expand our toolbox for manip...
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The two-volume set CCIS 662 and CCIS 663 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition, CCPR 2016, held in Chengdu, China, in November 2016.The 121 revised papers presented in two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 199 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on robotics; computer vision; basic theory of pattern recognition; image and video processing; speech and language; emotion recognition.