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Photovoltaic (PV) cells, which directly convert sunlight into electricity, are renewable sources of energy that are sustainable and totally inexhaustible. Emerging classes of solar PV cells have drawn considerable attention because they provide significant advantages over traditional silicon solar cells, such as low cost and attractive designs (lightweight, flexible, and portable) while exhibiting promising performance. Despite these features, certain challenges restrict the possible commercialization of these technologies. The world's leading scientists are making numerous efforts focused on bringing these promising technologies closer to commercialization. Some of these scientists provided...
Nanostructured solar cells are very important in renewable energy sector as well as in environmental aspects, because it is environment friendly. The nano-grating structures (such as triangular or conical shaped) have a gradual change in refractive index which acts as a multilayer antireflective coating that is leading to reduced light reflection losses over broadband ranges of wavelength and angle of incidence. There are different types of losses in solar cells that always reduce the conversion efficiency, but the light reflection loss is the most important factor that decreases the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly. The antireflective coating is an optical coating which is applied to the surface of lenses or any optical devices to reduce the light reflection losses. This coating assists for the light trapping capturing capacity or improves the efficiency of optical devices, such as lenses or solar cells. Hence, the multilayer antireflective coatings can reduce the light reflection losses and increases the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells.
This book surveys recent advances in theranostics based on magnetic nanoparticles, ultrasound contrast agents, silica nanoparticles and polymeric micelles. It presents magnetic nanoparticles, which offer a robust tool for contrast enhanced MRI imaging, magnetic targeting, controlled drug delivery, molecular imaging guided gene therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, and controlling cell fate. Multifunctional ultrasound contrast agents have great potential in ultrasound molecular imaging, multimodal imaging, drug/gene delivery, and integrated diagnostics and therapeutics. Due to their diversity and multifunctionality, polymeric micelles and silica-based nanocomposites are highly capable of enhancing ...
In 1959, Atalla and Kahng at Bell Labs produced the first successful field-effect transistor (FET), which had been long anticipated by other researchers by overcoming the "surface states" that blocked electric fields from penetrating into the semiconductor material. Very quickly, they became the fundamental basis of digital electronic circuits. Up to this point, there are more than 20 different types of field-effect transistors that are incorporated in various applications found in everyday's life. Based on this fact, this book was designed to overview some of the concepts regarding FETs that are currently used as well as some concepts that are still being developed.
Each of the chapters is based on a particular scientific paper that has been published in a peer-reviewed journal and, while each story revolves around one or two scientists who were interviewed for this book, many, if not most, of the scientific accomplishments covered in the book are the result of collaborative efforts by several scientists and research groups, often from different organizations and from different countries. The book is different to other books in this field because it provides a novel human touch to nanotechnology research by not only covering a wide range of research topics but also the (often nameless) scientists behind this research. The book is a collection of Spotlight articles from the popular Nanowerk website and each article has been crafted with the author(s) of a scientific paper and signed off by them prior to being posted on Nanowerk.
Silicon has been proven to be remarkably resilient as a commercial electronic material. The microelectronics industry has harnessed nanotechnology to continually push the performance limits of silicon devices and integrated circuits. Rather than shrinking its market share, silicon is displacing “competitor” semiconductors in domains such as high-frequency electronics and integrated photonics. There are strong business drivers underlying these trends; however, an important contribution is also being made by research groups worldwide, who are developing new configurations, designs, and applications of silicon-based nanoscale and nanostructured materials. This Special Issue features a selection of papers which illustrate recent advances in the preparation of chemically or physically engineered silicon-based nanostructures and their application in electronic, photonic, and mechanical systems.
This book covers the fundamentals and significance of 2-D materials and related semiconductor transistor technologies for the next-generation ultra low power applications. It provides comprehensive coverage on advanced low power transistors such as NCFETs, FinFETs, TFETs, and flexible transistors for future ultra low power applications owing to their better subthreshold swing and scalability. In addition, the text examines the use of field-effect transistors for biosensing applications and covers design considerations and compact modeling of advanced low power transistors such as NCFETs, FinFETs, and TFETs. TCAD simulation examples are also provided. FEATURES Discusses the latest updates in ...
Sustainability refers to the concept that all people should be able to meet their basic needs indefinitely, without compromising future generations. Sustainability, in terms of energy, embraces the same principles. One day the world will run out of fossil fuels. We need to realize how important sustainable energy is and its significance when it comes to the future of our planet. Sustainable energy includes any energy source that cannot be depleted and can remain viable forever. It does not need to be renewed or replenished; sustainable energy meets our demand for energy without any risk of failing or running out. This is why sustainable energy is the answer to our energy needs. Furthermore, ...
Over the last decade, photovoltaic (PV) technology has shown the potential to become a major source of power generation for the world - with robust and continuous growth even during times of financial and economic crisis. That growth is expected to continue in the years ahead as worldwide awareness of the advantages of PV increases. However, cost remains as the greatest barrier to further expansion of PV-generated power, and therefore cost reduction is the prime goal of the PV and solar cell investigation. This book intends to contribute to such a purpose by covering a wide range of modern research topics in the solar cell physics and technology fields. The already established -1st generatio...