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Pyrrhic Progress
Pyrrhic Progress analyses over half a century of antibiotic use, regulation, and resistance in US and British food production. Mass-introduced after 1945, antibiotics helped revolutionize post-war agriculture. Food producers used antibiotics to prevent and treat disease, protect plants, preserve food, and promote animals' growth. Many soon became dependent on routine antibiotic use to sustain and increase production. The resulting growth of antibiotic infrastructures came at a price. Critics blamed antibiotics for leaving dangerous residues in food, enabling bad animal welfare, and selecting for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, which could no longer be treated with antibiotics. Py...
Bearing Witness
This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaign...
Fear & Fever
This is the story of two weeks in which one disease collides the lives of two people with very different backgrounds. Teresa Byrne is a poor nursemaid. Sir Charles Cameron is Dublin’s Medical Superintendent Officer of Health. One of their lives will be changed forever as a result. Fear & Fever was created by the critically-acclaimed Typhoidland project, funded by the Irish Research Council (IRC) and UK Arts and Humanities Council Digital Humanities Initiative (AHRC), and published by Dublin City Library and Archive. It contains illustrations by Clare Foley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-n...
Typhoid
An exploration of the past, present and future of typhoid control amidst surging drug resistance – a subject that has gained new relevance in a post-COVID world. “Claas Kirchhelle brings the story of typhoid to life in this compelling narrative taking us from the early medical references through the dawn of microbiology, the first use of immuno-diagnostics to the amazing power of modern vaccines to control this ancient killer. It is a book that meticulously observes the story and the science behind the discoveries that underpin modern understanding of infectious disease, on which our very lives depend.” ― Prof Sir Andrew Pollard, FMedSci, Director, Oxford Vaccine Group“Typhoid is o...
Pyrrhic Progress
Winner of the 2021 Joan Thirsk Memorial Prize from the British Agricultural History Society 2020 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Winner of the 2020 Turriano Prize from ICOHTEC Short-listed and highly commended for the Antibiotic Guardian Award from Public Health England Long-listed for the Michel Déon Prize from the Royal Irish Academy Pyrrhic Progress analyses over half a century of antibiotic use, regulation, and resistance in US and British food production. Mass-introduced after 1945, antibiotics helped revolutionize post-war agriculture. Food producers used antibiotics to prevent and treat disease, protect plants, preserve food, and promote animals’ growth. Many soon ...
From Residency to Retirement
From Residency to Retirement tells the stories of twenty American doctors over the last half century, which saw a period of continuous, turbulent, and transformative changes to the U.S. health care system. The cohort’s experiences are reflective of the generation of physicians who came of age as presidents Carter and Reagan began to focus on costs and benefits of health services. Mizrahi observed and interviewed these physicians in six timeframes ending in 2016. Beginning with medical school in the mid-1970s, these physicians reveal the myriad fluctuations and uncertainties in their professional practice, working conditions, collegial relationships, and patient interactions. In their own w...
Multiple Knowledges. Learning from/with Other Beings
This issue of Transpositiones showcases a range of interdisciplinary and critical approaches to classic and alternative conceptions of cognition and sources of knowledge. The articles reflect on the many types of sensory and extrasensory knowledge available to non-human beings and wonder whether and in what ways can we, as humans, perceive, conceptualize, and respect these knowledges. The authors highlight how the existence of multiple knowledges questions species boundaries and onto- and epistemological perspectives, in the process of learning not only about other beings but also from and along with them. This selection of texts attempts to contribute to overcoming the anthropocentric perception of subjectivity and to the abandoning of an optics based on the dualisms of nature and culture, spirit and matter, subject and object, animate and inanimate nature, physis and techne, etc., which are so firmly entrenched in the Western intellectual tradition.
The Greenest Nation?
An account of German environmentalism that shows the influence of the past on today's environmental decisions. Germany enjoys an enviably green reputation. Environmentalists in other countries applaud its strict environmental laws, its world-class green technology firms, its phase-out of nuclear power, and its influential Green Party. Germans are proud of these achievements, and environmentalism has become part of the German national identity. In The Greenest Nation? Frank Uekötter offers an overview of the evolution of German environmentalism since the late nineteenth century. He discusses, among other things, early efforts at nature protection and urban sanitation, the Nazi experience, an...
Available to Be Poisoned
In Available to Be Poisoned: Toxicity as a Form of Life, Dipali Mathur contends that the saturation of the planet with toxic chemicals marks a deliberate and violent relationship with the Earth and its "others," born of colonialism and capitalism’s entwined histories. Mathur offers the concept of "toxicity as a form of life" to signpost the normalization of toxic exposure and analyzes how states use toxicity to control populations on the fringes of our global political economy by making them available to be poisoned.
From Label to Table
"How did the Nutrition Facts label come to appear on millions of everyday American household products? As Xaq Frohlich unearths, this legal, scientific, and seemingly innocuous strip of information is in fact a prism through which to view the high-stakes political battles and development of scientific ideas that shaped the realms of American health, nutrition, and public communication. From Label to Table tells the biography of the food label. By tracing policy debates at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Frohlich describes the emergence of our present information age in food and diet markets and how powerful government offices inform the public about what they consume. From the early years of FDA food standards, with concerns about consumer protection, up to present-day efforts to modernize the Nutrition Facts panel, Frohlich explores the evolving popular ideas about food, diet, and responsibility for health that inform what goes on the label and who gets to decide that"--
