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Principles and Methods for Accelerated Catalyst Design and Testing
High throughput experimentation has met great success in drug design but it has, so far, been scarcely used in the field ofcatalysis. We present in this book the outcome of a NATO ASI meeting that was held in Vilamoura, Portugal, between July 15 and 28, 2001, with the objective of delineating and consolidating the principles and methods underpinning accelerated catalyst design, evaluation, and development. There is a need to make the underlying principles of this new methodology more widely understood and to make it available in a coherent and integrated format. The latter objective is particularly important to the young scientists who will constitute the new catalysis researchers generation...
Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts
Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts presents the most current research in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. It focuses on the chemically induced effects associated with bonded surface species that cause catalyst activity decline -- and in some cases a change in catalyst specificity. In addition, this volume examines poisoning of dispersed metal catalysts ... the thermodynamics of sulfur-metal and carbon-metal interactions ... model poisoning reactions on single crystals ... deactivation in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes ... coking of metal catalysts ... and more. The new approaches and solutions to catalyst deactivation and poisoning presented in this guide are invaluable to all heterogeneous catalysis specialists, including chemical and petroleum engineers, and surface, synthetic, physical, and industrial chemists. Book jacket.
Surface Properties and Catalysis by Non-Metals
In the field of heterogeneous catalysis. it is convenient to distinguish. in a perfectly unjustified and over··simplified way. bet:leen metal catalysts. 2nd the other catalysts. The fj.J"st are easy to define : they are those in which a reduced metal is the active phase. It is thus easy to circumscribe. by exclusion, the other class namely the "non-metals". We have adopted this definition for the sake of our colleagues working on catalysis by metals, and to avoid a lengthy title like "sm' face pl"operties and catalysts by transi tion metal oxides. sulftdes, carbides, nitriles, etc. Defined in this manner, non-metal catalysts represented, in 1980, 84 wt. % of the industrial heterogeneous catalysts. To be more specific, this proportion corresponds to catalysts which, under the working conditions in the industrial ?lant. contain their catalytically active metallic elements in a non-reduced state. It should however be recalled that most metal catalysts are supported on oxides, which, often, repl'esent over 90% (sometimes 99.4% in the case of the platinum reforming catalysts) of the total weight.
Combinatorial Catalysis and High Throughput Catalyst Design and Testing
Catalysts are central in modern industrial chemistry and there is an urgent need to develop new catalysts. Such a rapid pace of development brings with it a new set of challenges at all levels of research, from synthesis and characterization to testing and modelling. This book reviews the current status of combinatorial catalysis, scientific catalyst design techniques, methods for preparing inorganic combinatorial libraries, experimental design methods, data processing, system modelling an simulation, and catalyst testing. The individual contributions reveal the development of high throughput catalyst design and test methods and identify the main challenges in the field, including new catalyst preparation techniques, rapid performance evaluation, and new microreactor configurations. Readership: All those working in catalytic process analysis and development. The extensive review of catalysis principles is especially relevant for postgraduate students seeking to pursue studies in catalysis.
Sustainable Strategies for the Upgrading of Natural Gas: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Opportunities
Energy and feedstock materials for the chemical industry are in increasing demand and, with constraints related to the availability and use of oil, the energy and chemical industry is undergoing considerable changes. In recent years, major restructuring has occurred in the oil, petrochemical, and chemical industry, with increasing attention devoted to the use of natural gas, methane in particular, as a chemical feedstock rather than just as a fuel. The conversion of remote natural gas into liquid fuels or other transportable chemicals is a challenge to industrial catalysis. Few processes exist so far with the major ones involving the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas by steam reforming, CO2 reforming, or partial oxidation, followed by the syntheses of methanol, hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), or ammonia. In this book, a comprehensive overview of the field of processing natural gas is given, through a series of chapters written by leading scientists and engineers in the field. New developments are discussed and current work relevant to the area is shown by a series of recent works by researchers working in this and related fields.
Zeolites: Science and Technology
Zeolites have been the focus of intensive activity and growth in applications over the past 25 years in ion exchange, in adsorp tion and in catalytic process technology. Beginning with the syn thetic zeolites A,X and Y, continuing into the emerging ZSM series, and including selected natural zeolites, applications span the range from large-scale purification and separation to such major petroleum and petrochemical processes as catalytic cracking and aromatics alkylation. The future promises several new areas of signiciant use as our energy resource base is expanded. As a result, a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Zeolites was held in Alcabideche, Portugal, May 1-12, 1983. Its purpose was to s...
Magnetic Resonance in Colloid and Interface Science
In 1976, on the occasion of the Centennial of the Ameri can Chemical Society, H. A. RESrnG and C. G. WADE organized an international symposium on magnetic resonance in collo1d and in terface science which brought together a large number of scien tists from the United States and from abroad. The aim of this symposium was to include all experimental inorganic, organic and biochemical systems in which molecules are bound to interfaces and to show the contribution of various techniques based on ma gnetic resonance to the knowledge of these systems. This ambi tious program resulted into a very interesting gathering that initiated a more interdisciplinary approach to the problem of interfaces. Bec...
Treatise on Solid State Chemistry
The last quarter-century has been marked by the extremely rapid growth of the solid-state sciences. They include what is now the largest subfield of physics, and the materials engineering sciences have likewise flourished. And, playing an active role throughout this vast area of science and engineer ing have been very large numbers of chemists. Yet, even though the role of chemistry in the solid-state sciences has been a vital one and the solid-state sciences have, in turn, made enormous contributions to chemical thought, solid-state chemistry has not been recognized by the general body of chemists as a major subfield of chemistry. Solid-state chemistry is not even well defined as to content...
Catalytic Activation and Functionalisation of Light Alkanes
Light alkanes tend to be resistant to many forms of activation. The horizontal approach of the present book covers homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis, thus allowing readers to gain an awareness of progress and ideas in research areas different from their own. The book contains both general chapters, giving an overview of the subject, and specialised contributions that deal with the details and state of the art. A specialist report is also included which gives a critical insight into current progress and discusses future prospects and major challenges. Audience: Newcomers and senior researchers in the field of alkane activation. The mixed theoretical and practical approach will be of interest to researchers and industrialists alike.
Metal-Support and Metal-Additive Effects in Catalysis
Metal-Support and Metal-Additive Effects in Catalysis, Volume 11, documents the proceedings of an international symposium organized by the Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse - CNRS – Villeurbanne and sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecully (Lyon), September 14-16, 1982. This volume contains 40 manuscripts that cover a wide range of topics. Among these are studies of metal-support interactions involving Pt/Al2O3, Pt/TiO2,Fe/TiO2, Pt/MgO, Rh /Al2O3, and Pt/CeO2 catalysts. There are also separate chapters dealing with ethane, n-butane, and cyclohexane hydrogenolysis; skeletal isomerization of methylpentanes; the catalytic activity and selectivity of noble metals; CO hydrogenation over supported on SiO2, Al2O3, Ti O2,and Zr O2 nickel catalysts; and the role of promoters in Pd catalysts for methanol synthesis. Subsequent chapters cover the poisoning of platinum and nickel by sulfur; C6H6 and CO chemisorption on Pt78Ni22 (111) single crystal alloy; the surface composition of industrial ammonia synthesis catalysts; and the role of alkalis and electronegative promoters on Fe and Ni catalysts.
