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Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 158

Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound

Sound has become a major tool for studying the ocean. Although the ocean is relatively opaque to light, it is relatively transparent to sound. Sound having frequencies below 1,000 Hertz (Hz) is often defined as low-frequency sound. The speed of sound is proportional to the temperature of the water through which it passes. Therefore, sound speed can be used to infer the average temperature of the water volume through which sound waves have passed. The relationship between water temperature and the speed of sound is the basis for the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) experiment. The ATOC experiment is designed to monitor the travel time of sound between sources off the coasts of Haw...

Kauai Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) Project and Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP)
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 616
Annual Report of the Marine Mammal Commission
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 804

Annual Report of the Marine Mammal Commission

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 1992
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  • Publisher: Unknown

None

North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 530

North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory

  • Type: Book
  • -
  • Published: 2001
  • -
  • Publisher: Unknown

None

Annual Report to Congress
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 564

Annual Report to Congress

  • Type: Book
  • -
  • Published: 1994
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  • Publisher: Unknown

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Georgia Strait Crossing Project
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 720

Georgia Strait Crossing Project

  • Type: Book
  • -
  • Published: 2002
  • -
  • Publisher: Unknown

None

Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 147

Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals

Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills hundreds of thousands of marine mammals per year globally. To discern the factors contributing to population trends, scientists must consider the full complement of threats faced by marine mammals. Once populations or ecosystems are found to be at risk of adverse impacts, it is critical to decide which combination of stressors to reduce to bring the population or ecosystem into a more favorable state. Assessing all stressors facing a marine mammal population also provides the environmental context for evaluating whether an additional activity could threaten it. Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals builds upon previous reports to assess current methodologies used for evaluating cumulative effects and identify new approaches that could improve these assessments. This review focuses on ways to quantify exposure-related changes in the behavior, health, or body condition of individual marine mammals and makes recommendations for future research initiatives.

Sounding the Depths
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 90

Sounding the Depths

  • Type: Book
  • -
  • Published: 1999
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  • Publisher: Unknown

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Federal Register
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 1040

Federal Register

  • Type: Book
  • -
  • Published: 1994-02
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  • Publisher: Unknown

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