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One major function of the liver is the uptake of endo- and xenobiotics from the bloodstream and their excretion into bile. The transport systems involved in hepatobiliary transport have been recently cloned and characterized at the molecular level and it is becoming clear that mutations and polymorphisms of individual transporter molecules underlie a variety of liver diseases. Furthermore, new research has shown that bile acids, whose function in digestion is long known, also behave as signal molecules in a variety of organs, including the intestinal and biliary epithelia, sinusoidal endothelial and immune cells. This book provides indepth surveys on the structure and function of transport molecules involved in hepatobiliary transport, on the role of different bile acids receptors in various organs and their function in health and disease, the mechanisms of bile salt-induced apoptosis and hepatocyte protection, and the role of transporter mutations as causes and modifiers of liver diseases. The book will be of interest not only for biochemists, structural chemists and biologists, but also for clinicians.
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism is an interdisciplinary symposium bringing together basic science and clinical applications. It contains up-to-date research findings at the highest scientific level.
Proceedings of the Falk Symposium 103, held in Freiburg, Germany, on October 4-5, 1997.
Amino acid transport is a part of each of two larger subjects, amino acid metabolism and the biomembrane transport of various . small molecules and ions. Nevertheless in this volume we treat amino acid transport as more than a fragment of either of these two larger subjects. A more comprehensive approach is justified when we remember two historic and ongoing aspects of the title subject. First, amino acid transport had its beginning and acquired a distinct momentum (even if somewhat interrupted from 1913 until about 1945) as amino acid metabolism with the central and pioneer work of Van Slyke and Meyer in 1913. The reviews in this volume will show that it steadily becomes a larger aspect of ...
understanding the mechanisms involved in liver regeneration is of crucial importance for clinical medicine, not only regarding carcinogenesis and diabetes treatment, but also for the use of stem cells for cell therapy and liver surgery. This graduate-level text provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration. Hepatic stem cells are introduced and the important players involved in regeneration such as oval cells, bone marrow and stellate cells are reviewed. The cell signaling pathways that initiate liver regeneration and regulate the switch between proliferation and apoptosis are presented and the role of liver stem cells in tumorigenesis is discussed. The book also treats the epigenetic regulation of liver stem cells and the roles of inflammation and angiogenesis in liver regeneration. This compact overview of the fascinating regenerative capacity of the liver will be of interest to graduate students and post-docs in molecular biology, biochemistry and medicine.
One of the prerequisites for survival is the ability of cells to maintain their volume. Thus, during the course of evolution cells have "learned" a variety of strategies to achieve volume homeostasis. This volume regulatory machinery involves regulation of both, cellular metabolism and cellular transport and is exploited by hormones and transmitters to regulate cellularfunction. This book to illustrates the complex interplay of cell volume regulatory mechanisms and cellular function in a variety of tissues. However, our knowledge is still far from being conclusive, and the present collection of reviews is thought to foster further experimental efforts to unravel the role of cell volume in the integrated function of cells.
The hepatocyte adapts its metabolic and excretory function to changes in nutrient supply, xenobiotics, cytokines and hormones, which provides a basis for the role of the liver in the maintenance of the body's homeostasis. Such adaptations of hepatocellular function to the environment require not only structures for recognition of signal molecules and for the sensing of environmental alterations, but also machineries which transfer this information to intracellular effector sites. Considerable progress has been made during recent years with respect to the understanding of membrane-associated receptor systems and the molecular mechanisms by which signals are transduced from these receptors to ...
This book, the proceedings of Falk Symposium 100, `Gut and the Liver', held in Freiburg, Germany, 29-31 May 1997, comprehensively reviews the physiological and pathophysiological interactions between the intestine and the liver as well as between intestinal and hepatic diseases. Apart from the basic aspects of the intestinal microflora and the immune system of the gut, gastrointestinal permeability and translocation as well as the contribution of the intestine and the intestinal bacteria to the metabolism of bile acids, amino acids and drugs are discussed. In addition, experimental as well as clinical data demonstrating the significance of gut-derived bacterial toxins for the development of liver diseases and the effect of liver diseases on gastrointestinal functions are discussed. The major aim of this book, therefore, is to highlight the interactions between gut and liver at the molecular level as well as in clinical disease.
It is well known that fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are all energy-yielding nutrients that influence health and physical performance. Yet many recreational, collegiate, and professional athletes still consume more fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol than is recommended, as well as inappropriate amounts of proteins. What is needed is a nuts an