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Nanostructures
Novel carbon allotropes, such as spherical fullerenes and nanotubes, have been added, in the last three decades, to the traditionally recognised diamond and graphite. Although fullerene C60 has been speculated about for a long time. A fullerene is, according to a classical definition, an all-carbon molecule consisting entirely of pentagons (exactly 12) and hexagons (n/2-10). Non-classical fullerene extensions to include rings of other sizes have been considered. Fullerenes are commonly synthesised by arc-discharge or laser ablation methods. Spherical fullerenes became nowadays parts of real chemistry: they can be functionalised or inserted in supramolecular assemblies.
Towards the Controllable Quantum States
The realizations of physical systems whose quantum states can be directly manipulated have been pursued for experiments on fundamental problems in quantum mechanics and implementations of quantum information devices. Micro-fabricated superconducting systems and electronic spins are among the most promising candidates. This book contains the newest and most advanced research reports on such materials, called OC Mesoscopic SuperconductivityOCO and OC SpintronicsOCO. The former includes superconductor-semiconductor hybrid systems, very small Josephson junctions, and micron-size SQUIDs. The latter includes the control of spin transports in semiconductor heterostructures, nano-scale quantum dots, and spin injections. Superconductor-ferromagnetic metal hybrid structures are covered by both of the topics.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)"
Supercarbon
The information revolution of the twentieth century was brought about by microelectronics based on a simple and common material, silicon. Although silicon will continue to be of central importance in the next century, carbon, silicon's upstairs neighbor in the periodic table, will also be of great impor tance in future technology. Carbon has more flexible bonding and hence has various unique physical, chemical and biological properties. It has two types of bonding, sp3 and sp2, in diamond and graphite, respectively. The existence of the latter, "7r-electron bonding" , is responsible for carbon's versatile tal ents. Those materials having extended 7r-electron clouds are called '7r-electron ma...
Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials
This book covers the nomenclature and modeling of carbon nanomaterials, includes examples of surfaces and thin films of fullerenes, and examines the morphology and structure of carbon nanotubes and the characterization of peapod materials with the aid of transmission electron microscopy. It also presents electro-optical properties and self-assembly and enrichment in carbon nanotubes, followed by strategies for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanohorns and endohedral metallofullerenes. Finally, the applications of endohedral metallofullerenes in quantum computing and of functionalized carbon nanotubes in medicine conclude this fascinating overview of the field.
Alkali-doped Fullerides
Alkali-doped fullerides have attracted strong interest since their production became possible about fifteen years ago. This book presents recent work which may solve intriguing problems arising from a variety of remarkable properties. For example, these solids are superconductors with high transition temperatures, although the similarity between the electronic and phonon energy scales should suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Ioffe-Regel condition for electrical conductivity is strongly violated. The book shows why superconductivity is nevertheless possible, owing to a local pairing mechanism. The Ioffe-Regel condition is derived quantum-mechanically, and it is explained why the underlying assumptions are violated for fullerides and high-c cuprates, for example. The book treats electronic and transport properties, reviewing theoretical and experimental results. It focuses on superconductivity, electrical conductivity and metal-insulator transitions, emphasizing the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions as well as the Jahn-Teller effect.
Nanoscience
Friction force microscopy is an important analytical tool in the field of tribology on the nanometer-scale. The contact area between the probing tip and the sample is reduced to some square nanometers, corresponding to the ideal of a single asperity contact. Traditional concepts, such as friction coefficients, adhesion and elasticity and stick-slip are re-examined with this novel technique. New concepts based upon classical and quantum mechanics are investigated.
Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Five-Volume Set
Nanostructured materials is one of the hottest and fastest growing areas in today's materials science field, along with the related field of solid state physics. Nanostructured materials and their based technologies have opened up exciting new possibilites for future applications in a number of areas including aerospace, automotive, x-ray technology, batteries, sensors, color imaging, printing, computer chips, medical implants, pharmacy, and cosmetics. The ability to change properties on the atomic level promises a revolution in many realms of science and technology. Thus, this book details the high level of activity and significant findings are available for those involved in research and d...
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films
Edited by major contributors to the field, this text summarizes current or newly emerging pulsed laser deposition application areas. It spans the field of optical devices, electronic materials, sensors and actuators, biomaterials, and organic polymers. Every scientist, technologist and development engineer who has a need to grow and pattern, to apply and use thin film materials will regard this book as a must-have resource.
Atomistic Simulation of Materials
This book contains proceedings of an international symposium on Atomistic th Simulation of Materials: Beyond Pair Potentials which was held in Chicago from the 25 th to 30 of September 1988, in conjunction with the ASM World Materials Congress. This symposium was financially supported by the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technology Program of the U. S Department of Energy and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A total of fifty four talks were presented of which twenty one were invited. Atomistic simulations are now common in materials research. Such simulations are currently used to determine the structural and thermodynamic properties of crystalline solids, glasses and liquids. They are of particular importance in studies of crystal defects, interfaces and surfaces since their structures and behavior playa dominant role in most materials properties. The utility of atomistic simulations lies in their ability to provide information on those length scales where continuum theory breaks down and instead complex many body problems have to be solved to understand atomic level structures and processes.
