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Early in his career, Adolf Hitler took inspiration from Benito Mussolini, his senior colleague in fascism—this fact is widely known. But an equally important role model for Hitler and the Nazis has been almost entirely neglected: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. Stefan Ihrig’s compelling presentation of this untold story promises to rewrite our understanding of the roots of Nazi ideology and strategy. Hitler was deeply interested in Turkish affairs after 1919. He not only admired but also sought to imitate Atatürk’s radical construction of a new nation from the ashes of defeat in World War I. Hitler and the Nazis watched closely as Atatürk defied the Western powe...
In the most comprehensive selection of his letters ever published, Norman Gates allows Richard Aldington to tell the story of his life in his own words. Unlike Aldington's autobiography, Life for Life's Sake, published twenty years before his death, these letters include those two important decades of his life and do not depend upon memory. Gates provides an introduction to each of the book's five sections, sketching Aldington's biography during that decade, but the reader may then listen to Aldington's own voice speaking through his letters. Richard Aldington was married to the American poet H. D. and was a friend to many other writers and artists at the center of the Modern period. His comments on his colleagues and their work, his efforts to promote their literary fortunes, his passionate love for two wives and two mistresses, are all a part of these letters. So, too, are his experiences on the editorial staffs of the Egoist and the Criterion, which brought him to touch with European and American writers. For a clear picture of the literary world of this time, Aldington's letters are indispensable.
The southernmost and poorest state of the Eurasian space, Tajikistan collapsed immediately upon the fall of the Soviet Union and plunged into a bloody five-year civil war (1992–1997) that left more than 50,000 people dead and more than half a million displaced. After the 1997 Peace Agreements, Tajikistan stood out for being the only post-Soviet country to recognize an Islamic party—the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRPT)—as a key actor in the civil war as well as in postwar reconstruction and democratization. Tajikistan’s linguistic and cultural proximity to Iran notwithstanding, the balance of external powers over the country remains fairly typical of Central Asia, with R...
If you plan to portray a national icon in less than heroic terms, you had better be prepared for a fight, as Richard Aldington learned even before the publication of his 1955 biography, Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Enquiry. Fred D. Crawford provides the first examination of all major parties and points of view embroiled in the controversy generated by Aldington's biography of T. E. Lawrence. In two years of research, Aldington made major discoveries, including the extent to which Lawrence had cooperated with Lowell Thomas, Robert Graves, and B. H. Liddell Hart in the creation of the "Lawrence legend". For this and other reasons, Aldington concluded that Lawrence was a charlatan, a poseur, and a fraud. Upon learning of Aldington's antagonism to Lawrence a year before Aldington's book appeared, a powerful group including B. H. Liddell Hart, Robert Graves, A. W. Lawrence, and other Lawrence partisans worked behind the scenes to suppress and denigrate Aldington's biography. These attempts, Crawford notes, reveal a great deal about how private interests can determine what the public is allowed to read.
Cecil Rhodes is the most written about and memorialised figure in southern African history, the subject of well over 25 biographies and numerous articles. Rhodes has featured in novels, plays and films.