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When Saint Francis of Assisi died in 1226, he left behind an order already struggling to maintain its identity. As the Church called upon Franciscans to be bishops, professors, and inquisitors, their style of life began to change. Some in the order lamented this change and insisted on observing the strict poverty practiced by Francis himself. Others were more open to compromise. Over time, this division evolved into a genuine rift, as those who argued for strict poverty were marginalized within the order. In this book, David Burr offers the first comprehensive history of the so-called Spiritual Franciscans a protest movement within the Franciscan order. Burr shows that the movement existed more or less as a loyal opposition in the late thirteenth century, but by 1318 Pope John XXII and leaders of the order and combined to force it beyond the boundaries of legitimacy. At that point the loyal opposition turned into a heretical movement and recalcitrant friars were sent to the stake.
In this friendship book you will find plenty of space for answering questions about yourself as a cat-owner and cat-lover. The pages are designed to fit the information of approximately 16 cat owners and their beloved velvet paws. There are 6 pages available per entry, 3 of which are completely identical (The pages dedicated to your cat, since most cats never come alone). The pages are held in a simple black and white lay-out and are literally crying out to be adorned with stickers, painted or embellished as it pleases you. You, as the book owner, are of course also invited to answer the questions that can be found in this book in written form. With this friendship book you will definitely be able to create and collect some marvelous memories for yourself. But that's not all. Just the mere fact of answering the ready-made questions that are waiting to be answered by you will make you travel back in time and will make you recall beautiful memories of your past.
In the history of Jewish, Christian and Muslim culture, religious identity was not only formed by historical claims, but also by the usage of certain images: "images of God," "images of the others," "images of the self."This book includes a discussion of the role of these images in society and politics, in theology and liturgy, yesterday and today.
This book aims at showing how big data sources and data analytics can play an important role in sustainable mobility. It is especially intended to provide academicians, researchers, practitioners and decision makers with a snapshot of methods that can be effectively used to improve urban mobility. The different chapters, which report on contributions presented at the 4th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, held on May 24-25, 2018, in Skiathos Island, Greece, cover different thematic areas, such as social networks and traveler behavior, applications of big data technologies in transportation and analytics, transport infrastructure and traffic management, transportation modeling, vehicle emissions and environmental impacts, public transport and demand responsive systems, intermodal interchanges, smart city logistics systems, data security and associated legal aspects. They show in particular how to apply big data in improving urban mobility, discuss important challenges in developing and implementing analytics methods and provide the reader with an up-to-date review of the most representative research on data management techniques for enabling sustainable urban mobility
This volume in honour of Prof. Dr. Johannes van Oort offers a rich variety of in-depth studies on Augustine, Manichaeism, and other Gnostic currents, thus reflecting the rich variety of the honorand’s research interests.
This volume contains essays dealing with complex relationships between Judaism and Christianity, taking a bold step, assuming that no historical period can be excluded from the interactive process between Judaism and Christianity, conscious or unconscious, as either rejection or appropriation
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2002, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in April 2002.The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on context-aware systems, system aspects, networking, processor architecture, and middleware and verification.
In the study of inquisition and heresy in Languedoc the late thirteenth century is a dark hole. This book redresses this, providing an edition and translation of depositions of heresy suspects interrogated in Toulouse 1273-82, preserved in a copy of 1669. The book’s introduction investigates the history and reliability of this copy, and, together with the edition, illuminates the inquisitors and scribes who produced the original register. The edited text shows a Cathar hierarchy in exile in Italy, a Cathar revival in Languedoc, and its destruction by a re-launched inquisition. Inquisitors’ questioning led to depositions which are extraordinarily colourful and lively, and in this they anticipate the circumstantial detail of the early fourteenth century depositions upon which Le Roy Ladurie’s famous Montaillou was based.
Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title In the early thirteenth century, semireligious communities of women began to form in the cities and towns of the Low Countries. These beguines, as the women came to be known, led lives of contemplation and prayer and earned their livings as laborers or teachers. In Cities of Ladies, the first history of the beguines to appear in English in fifty years, Walter Simons traces the transformation of informal clusters of single women to large beguinages. These veritable single-sex cities offered lower- and middle-class women an alternative to both marriage and convent life. While the region's expanding urban economies initially valued th...
Competition between businesses is fierce, be they multi-national corporations or rival corner shops. Every company needs custom and must hang on it to survive. In this fascinating title Daniel Zanetti explores the ways in which sellers and service providers can reach and win over new customers. Packed with real-life stories of good and bad customer experiences, this book illustrates how incredibly important customer satisfaction is not only for attracting new customers but also for building lasting customer relationships which will ultimately shape the reputation of the company. Advice is also given on how to differentiate a business from its competitors, so enabling managers to be clear about the businesses unique selling proposition (USP). Zanetti also asks readers important questions that will help business people formulate a 'Customer Amazement Strategy'. Everyone involved in selling and providing a service will benefit from reading this book. It covers a range of industries including: hotels; salons; garages; supermarkets; health and leisure centres; insurance companies; fashion retailers; airlines; call centres and many more.